MyBatis3---关联查询（级联查询）

一、一对一关联

1.1、提出需求
　　根据班级id查询班级信息(带老师的信息)

1.2、创建表和数据
　　创建一张教师表和班级表，这里我们假设一个老师只负责教一个班，那么老师和班级之间的关系就是一种一对一的关系。

CREATE TABLE teacher(
    t_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    t_name VARCHAR(20)
);
CREATE TABLE class(
    c_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    c_name VARCHAR(20),
    teacher_id INT
);
ALTER TABLE class ADD CONSTRAINT fk_teacher_id FOREIGN KEY (teacher_id) REFERENCES teacher(t_id);

INSERT INTO teacher(t_name) VALUES('teacher1');
INSERT INTO teacher(t_name) VALUES('teacher2');

INSERT INTO class(c_name, teacher_id) VALUES('class_a', 1);
INSERT INTO class(c_name, teacher_id) VALUES('class_b', 2);

表之间的关系如下：

1.3、定义实体类
　　1、Teacher类，Teacher类是teacher表对应的实体类。

package pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity;

/**
 * @Classname Teacher
 * @Description TODO teacher表实体类
 * @Date 2021/8/22 16:28
 * @Created by tanghao
 */
public class Teacher {

    private Integer tId;
    private String tName;

    public Integer gettId() {
        return tId;
    }

    public void settId(Integer tId) {
        this.tId = tId;
    }

    public String gettName() {
        return tName;
    }

    public void settName(String tName) {
        this.tName = tName;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher{" +
                "tId=" + tId +
                ", tName='" + tName + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

2、Classes类，Classes类是class表对应的实体类

package pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity;

/**
 * @Classname Classes
 * @Description TODO class表实体类
 * @Date 2021/8/22 22:39
 * @Created by tanghao
 */
public class Classes{

    private Integer cId;
    private String cName;

    /**
     * class表中有一个teacher_id字段，所以在Classes类中定义一个teacher属性，
    * 用于维护teacher和class之间的一对一关系，通过这个teacher属性就可以知道这个班级是由哪个老师负责的
     */
    private Teacher teacher;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Classes{" +
                "cId=" + cId +
                ", cName='" + cName + '\'' +
                ", teacher=" + teacher +
                '}';
    }
}

1.4、定义sql映射文件ClassMapper.xml 和 对应的接口类ClassMapper.java

package pers.th.mybatis_mapper.mapper;

import pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Class;

/**
 * @Classname ClassMapper
 * @Description TODO
 * @Date 2021/8/22 16:33
 * @Created by tanghao
 */
public interface ClassMapper {

    Class getClass(Integer id);

    Class getClass2(Integer id);
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.mapper.ClassMapper">

    <!--
        根据班级id查询班级信息(带老师的信息)
        ##1. 联表查询
        SELECT * FROM class c,teacher t WHERE c.teacher_id=t.t_id AND c.c_id=1;

        ##2. 执行两次查询
        SELECT * FROM class WHERE c_id=1;  //teacher_id=1
        SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE t_id=1;//使用上面得到的teacher_id
     -->

    <!--
   方式一：嵌套结果：使用嵌套结果映射来处理重复的联合结果的子集
            封装联表查询的数据(去除重复的数据)
       select * from class c, teacher t where c.teacher_id=t.t_id and c.c_id=1
   -->
    <select id="getClass" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap">
        select * from class c, teacher t where c.teacher_id=t.t_id and c.c_id=#{id}
    </select>
    <resultMap id="ClassResultMap" type="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Class">
        <id property="cId" column="c_id" />
        <result property="cName" column="c_name" />
        <association property="teacher" javaType="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Teacher">
            <id property="tId" column="t_id" />
            <result property="tName" column="t_name" />
        </association>
    </resultMap>

    <!--
    方式二：嵌套查询：通过执行另外一个SQL映射语句来返回预期的复杂类型
        SELECT * FROM class WHERE c_id=1;
        SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE t_id=1   //1 是上一个查询得到的teacher_id的值
    -->
    <select id="getClass2" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap2">
        SELECT * FROM class WHERE c_id=#{id};
    </select>
    <resultMap id="ClassResultMap2" type="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Class">
        <id property="cId" column="c_id" />
        <result property="cName" column="c_name" />
        <association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" select="getTeacher"/>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="getTeacher" parameterType="int" resultType="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Teacher">
        select t_id tId, t_name tName from teacher where t_id = #{id}
    </select>

</mapper>

1.5、编写单元测试代码

package pers.th.mybatis_mapper;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Class;
import pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Teacher;
import pers.th.mybatis_mapper.mapper.ClassMapper;
import pers.th.mybatis_mapper.mapper.TeacherMapper;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

@SpringBootTest
class MybatisMapperApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private ClassMapper classMapper;

    /**
     * 测试一对一关联查询
     *
     *  根据班级id查询班级信息(带老师的信息) !!!!!!
     *
     * 方式一：嵌套结果：使用嵌套结果映射来处理重复的联合结果的子集
     *                  封装联表查询的数据(去除重复的数据)
     */
    @Test
    void test1(){
        Classes c = classMapper.getClass(1);
        System.out.println(c);
    }

    /**
     * 测试一对一关联查询
     *
     * 方式二：嵌套查询：通过执行另外一个SQL映射语句来返回预期的复杂类型
     */
    @Test
    void test2(){
        Classes c = classMapper.getClass2(1);
        System.out.println(c);//打印结果 ：Classes{cId=1, cName='class_a', teacher=Teacher{tId=1, tName='teacher1'}, students=null}
    }
}

1.6、MyBatis一对一关联查询总结
　　MyBatis中使用association标签来解决一对一的关联查询，association标签可用的属性如下：

property:对象属性的名称
javaType:对象属性的类型
column:所对应的外键字段名称
select:使用另一个查询封装的结果

二、一对多关联

2.1、提出需求
　　根据classId查询对应的班级信息,包括学生,老师

2.2、创建表和数据
　　在上面的一对一关联查询演示中，我们已经创建了班级表和教师表，因此这里再创建一张学生表

CREATE TABLE student(
    s_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, 
    s_name VARCHAR(20), 
    class_id INT
);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_A', 1);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_B', 1);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_C', 1);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_D', 2);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_E', 2);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_F', 2);

2.3、定义实体类
　　1、Student类

package pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity;

/**
 * @Classname Student
 * @Description TODO student
 * @Date 2021/8/23 18:07
 * @Created by tanghao
 */
public class Student {

    private Integer sId;
    private String sName;

    public Integer getsId() {
        return sId;
    }

    public void setsId(Integer sId) {
        this.sId = sId;
    }

    public String getsName() {
        return sName;
    }

    public void setsName(String sName) {
        this.sName = sName;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "sId=" + sId +
                ", sName='" + sName + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

2、修改Classes类，添加一个List students属性，使用一个List集合属性表示班级拥有的学生，如下：

package pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Classname Class
 * @Description TODO class表实体类
 * @Date 2021/8/22 22:39
 * @Created by tanghao
 */
public class Classes {

    private Integer cId;
    private String cName;

    /**
     * class表中有一个teacher_id字段，所以在Classes类中定义一个teacher属性，
    * 用于维护teacher和class之间的一对一关系，通过这个teacher属性就可以知道这个班级是由哪个老师负责的
     */
    private Teacher teacher;
    //使用一个List<Student>集合属性表示班级拥有的学生
    private List<Student> students;

    public Integer getcId() {
        return cId;
    }

    public void setcId(Integer cId) {
        this.cId = cId;
    }

    public String getcName() {
        return cName;
    }

    public void setcName(String cName) {
        this.cName = cName;
    }

    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }

    public List<Student> getStudents() {
        return students;
    }

    public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
        this.students = students;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Classes{" +
                "cId=" + cId +
                ", cName='" + cName + '\'' +
                ", teacher=" + teacher +
                ", students=" + students +
                '}';
    }
}

1.4、定义sql映射文件ClassMapper.xml 和 对应的接口类ClassMapper.java

package pers.th.mybatis_mapper.mapper;

import pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Classes;

/**
 * @Classname ClassMapper
 * @Description TODO
 * @Date 2021/8/22 16:33
 * @Created by tanghao
 */
public interface ClassMapper {

    Classes getClass3(Integer id);

    Classes getClass4(Integer id);
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.mapper.ClassMapper">

    <!--
        根据classId查询对应的班级信息,包括学生,老师
     -->
    <!--
    方式一: 嵌套结果: 使用嵌套结果映射来处理重复的联合结果的子集
    SELECT * FROM class c, teacher t,student s WHERE c.teacher_id=t.t_id AND c.C_id=s.class_id AND  c.c_id=1
     -->
    <select id="getClass3" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap3">
        select * from class c, teacher t,student s where c.teacher_id=t.t_id and c.C_id=s.class_id and  c.c_id=#{id}
    </select>
    <resultMap id="ClassResultMap3" type="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Classes">
        <id property="cId" column="c_id" />
        <result property="cName" column="c_name" />
        <association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" javaType="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Teacher">
            <id property="tId" column="t_id" />
            <result property="tName" column="t_name" />
        </association>
        <!--ofType指定students集合中的对象类型-->
        <collection property="students" ofType="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Student">
            <id property="sId" column="s_id" />
            <result property="sName" column="s_name" />
        </collection>
    </resultMap>

    <!--
        方式二：嵌套查询：通过执行另外一个SQL映射语句来返回预期的复杂类型
            SELECT * FROM class WHERE c_id=1;
            SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE t_id=1   //1 是上一个查询得到的teacher_id的值
            SELECT * FROM student WHERE class_id=1  //1是第一个查询得到的c_id字段的值
     -->
    <select id="getClass4" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap4">
        select * from class where c_id=#{id}
    </select>
    <resultMap id="ClassResultMap4" type="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Classes">
        <id property="cId" column="c_id" />
        <result property="cName" column="c_name" />
        <association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" javaType="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Teacher" select="getTeacher2" />
        <collection property="students" ofType="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Student" column="c_id" select="getStudent" />
    </resultMap>

    <select id="getTeacher2" parameterType="int" resultType="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Teacher">
        SELECT t_id tId, t_name tName FROM teacher WHERE t_id=#{id}
    </select>

    <select id="getStudent" parameterType="int" resultType="pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Student">
        SELECT s_id sId, s_name sName FROM student WHERE class_id=#{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

package pers.th.mybatis_mapper;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import pers.th.mybatis_mapper.entity.Classes;
import pers.th.mybatis_mapper.mapper.ClassMapper;
import pers.th.mybatis_mapper.mapper.TeacherMapper;

@SpringBootTest
class MybatisMapperApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private ClassMapper classMapper;

    /**
     * 测试一对多关联
     *
     * 根据classId查询对应的班级信息,包括学生,老师 !!!!!!
     *
     * 方式一: 嵌套结果: 使用嵌套结果映射来处理重复的联合结果的子集
     */
    @Test
    void test3(){
        Classes classes = classMapper.getClass3(1);
        System.out.println(classes);
        //Classes{cId=1, cName='class_a', teacher=Teacher{tId=1, tName='teacher1'}, students=[Student{sId=1, sName='student_A'}, Student{sId=2, sName='student_B'}, Student{sId=3, sName='student_C'}]}
    }
    /**
     * 测试一对多关联
     *
     * 方式二：嵌套查询：通过执行另外一个SQL映射语句来返回预期的复杂类型
     */
    @Test
    void test4(){
        Classes classes = classMapper.getClass4(1);
        System.out.println(classes);
        //Classes{cId=1, cName='class_a', teacher=Teacher{tId=1, tName='teacher1'}, students=[Student{sId=1, sName='student_A'}, Student{sId=2, sName='student_B'}, Student{sId=3, sName='student_C'}]}
    }
    
}