MySQL常用查询语句

首先创建一张表,根据这张表来执行查询操作

新建一张表

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for push_message_info
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `push_message_info`;
CREATE TABLE `push_message_info`  (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '流水ID(主键)',
  `afterSchool` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '经过校门',
  `pushDate` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '推送消息时间',
  `personNo` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学号',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 353454 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

插入一些数据

INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286150, '4号门进', '2022-04-01 07:04:53', '201705019');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286151, '4号门进', '2022-04-01 07:04:53', '201705019');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286152, '4号门进', '2022-04-01 07:18:53', '201806028');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286153, '1号门进', '2022-04-01 07:32:21', '201806042');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286154, '1号门进', '2022-04-01 07:32:22', '201806039');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286155, '1号门进', '2022-04-01 07:37:14', '201806006');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286156, '1号门进', '2022-04-01 07:39:23', '201806050');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286157, '1号门进', '2022-04-01 07:39:47', '201806016');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286158, '1号门进', '2022-04-01 07:40:45', '201601004');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286159, '1号门进', '2022-04-01 07:43:26', '201806001');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286160, '1号门出', '2022-04-01 07:41:52', '201806001');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286161, '1号门出', '2022-04-01 07:41:55', '201806001');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286162, '4号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:13', '201806050');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286163, '4号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:15', '201806050');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286164, '4号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:18', '201806050');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286165, '4号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:21', '201806050');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286166, '4号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:24', '201806015');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286167, '3号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:06', '201806042');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286168, '4号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:27', '201806050');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286169, '4号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:30', '201806050');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286170, '4号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:34', '201806050');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286171, '4号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:36', '201806050');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286172, '4号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:39', '201806050');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286173, '4号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:42', '201806050');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286174, '3号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:24', '201806015');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286175, '4号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:45', '201806050');
INSERT INTO `push_message_info` VALUES (286176, '4号门出', '2022-04-01 07:44:48', '201806050');

1、基本select 语句

简单条件查询

select 字段 from 表名 where 条件

-- 查询所有字段
SELECT * from push_message_info WHERE id = 286150;

--------------------------------------------------
结果:
286150	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:04:53	201705019
--------------------------------------------------

-- 查询指定字段
SELECT personNo,afterSchool,pushDate from push_message_info WHERE id = 286150;

--------------------------------------------------
结果:
201705019	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:04:53
--------------------------------------------------

注 意

• SQL 语言大小写不敏感。

• SQL 可以写在一行或者多行

• 关键字不能被缩写也不能分行

• 各子句一般要分行写。

• 使用缩进提高语句的可读性。

where 条件过滤比较运算符

在这里插入图片描述

例如
SELECT * from push_message_info WHERE id = 286150;

--------------------------------------------------
结果:
286150	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:04:53	201705019
--------------------------------------------------

其它同理
其他比较运算

在这里插入图片描述

SELECT personNo,afterSchool,pushDate from push_message_info WHERE id BETWEEN 286150 and 286155;

--------------------------------------------------
结果:
286150	201705019	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:04:53
286151	201705019	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:04:53
286152	201806028	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:18:53
286153	201806042	1号门进	2022-04-01 07:32:21
286154	201806039	1号门进	2022-04-01 07:32:22
286155	201806006	1号门进	2022-04-01 07:37:14
--------------------------------------------------

SELECT id,personNo,afterSchool,pushDate from push_message_info WHERE id IN(286150,286155) ;
--------------------------------------------------
结果:
286150	201705019	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:04:53
286155	201806006	1号门进	2022-04-01 07:37:14
--------------------------------------------------

SELECT id,personNo,afterSchool,pushDate from push_message_info WHERE id LIKE('28615%') ;
--------------------------------------------------
结果:
286150	201705019	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:04:53
286151	201705019	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:04:53
286152	201806028	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:18:53
286153	201806042	1号门进	2022-04-01 07:32:21
286154	201806039	1号门进	2022-04-01 07:32:22
286155	201806006	1号门进	2022-04-01 07:37:14
286156	201806050	1号门进	2022-04-01 07:39:23
286157	201806016	1号门进	2022-04-01 07:39:47
286158	201601004	1号门进	2022-04-01 07:40:45
286159	201806001	1号门进	2022-04-01 07:43:26
--------------------------------------------------

SELECT id,personNo,afterSchool,pushDate from push_message_info WHERE id is null ;
逻辑运算

-- 逻辑并

SELECT * from push_message_info WHERE id LIKE('28615%') and afterSchool='4号门进' ;
--------------------------------------------------
结果:
286150	201705019	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:04:53
286151	201705019	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:04:53
286152	201806028	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:18:53
--------------------------------------------------

SELECT * from push_message_info WHERE id LIKE('28615%') or afterSchool='4号门进' ;
--------------------------------------------------
结果:
数据有点多不展示
--------------------------------------------------

SELECT id,personNo,afterSchool,pushDate from push_message_info WHERE id not IN(286501,287147);
--------------------------------------------------
结果:
数据有点多不展示
--------------------------------------------------

列的别名

列的别名:

• 重命名一个列。

• 便于计算。

• 紧跟列名,也可以在列名和别名之间加入关键字 ‘AS’,别名使用双引号,以便在别名中包含空 格或特殊的字符并区分大小写。

使用别名

-- 列别名的使用
SELECT personNo as pn,afterSchool a,pushDate pd from push_message_info WHERE id = 286150;

--------------------------------------------------
结果:
pn			a 		  pd
201705019	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:04:53
--------------------------------------------------

显示表结构

DESCRIBE push_message_info

--------------------------------------------------
结果:
field			type   null	  key       Extra
id		    bigint(20)	NO	  PRI		auto_increment
afterSchool	varchar(50)	YES			
pushDate	varchar(50)	YES			
personNo	varchar(50)	YES			
--------------------------------------------------

排序

使用 ORDER BY 子句排序

  • ASC(ascend): 升序

  • DESC(descend): 降序

  • ORDER BY 子句在SELECT语句的结尾。

默认升序
SELECT * from push_message_info WHERE id BETWEEN 286501 and 286505 ORDER BY personNo ;

--------------------------------------------------
结果:
286502	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:50:34	201701044
286501	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:50:32	201804051
286505	2号门进	2022-04-01 07:54:17	201905029
286503	3号门进	2022-04-01 07:53:17	201905037
286504	3号门进	2022-04-01 07:53:17	201905037
--------------------------------------------------
降序
SELECT * from push_message_info WHERE id BETWEEN 286501 and 286505 ORDER BY personNo DESC;

--------------------------------------------------
结果:
286503	3号门进	2022-04-01 07:53:17	201905037
286504	3号门进	2022-04-01 07:53:17	201905037
286505	2号门进	2022-04-01 07:54:17	201905029
286501	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:50:32	201804051
286502	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:50:34	201701044
--------------------------------------------------
按别名排序
SELECT personNo as pn,afterSchool,pushDate from push_message_info WHERE id BETWEEN 286501 and 286505 ORDER BY personNo DESC;

--------------------------------------------------
结果:
pn		  afterSchool   pushDate
201905037	3号门进	2022-04-01 07:53:17
201905037	3号门进	2022-04-01 07:53:17
201905029	2号门进	2022-04-01 07:54:17
201804051	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:50:32
201701044	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:50:34
--------------------------------------------------
多个列排序
SELECT * from push_message_info WHERE id BETWEEN 286501 and 286505 ORDER BY personNo,pushDate DESC;

--------------------------------------------------
结果:
286502	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:50:34	201701044
286501	4号门进	2022-04-01 07:50:32	201804051
286505	2号门进	2022-04-01 07:54:17	201905029
286503	3号门进	2022-04-01 07:53:17	201905037
286504	3号门进	2022-04-01 07:53:17	201905037
--------------------------------------------------
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