Spring boot(6) 数据访问
学习视频:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV19K4y1L7MT?p=62&spm_id_from=pageDriver
1.数据源的自动配置-HikariDataSource
1.1 导入JDBC场景
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
导入数据源后需要导入数据库驱动,指明使用哪个数据库
默认版本:<mysql.version>8.0.22</mysql.version>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<!-- <version>5.1.49</version>-->
</dependency>
想要修改版本
1、直接依赖引入具体版本(maven的就近依赖原则)
2、重新声明版本(maven的属性的就近优先原则)
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.49</mysql.version>
</properties>
1.2 自动配置
自动配置好的类:
-
DataSourceAutoConfiguration : 数据源的自动配置
-
- 修改数据源相关的配置:spring.datasource
- 数据库连接池的配置,是自己容器中没有DataSource才自动配置的
- 底层配置好的连接池是:HikariDataSource
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Conditional(PooledDataSourceCondition.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({ DataSource.class, XADataSource.class })
@Import({ DataSourceConfiguration.Hikari.class, DataSourceConfiguration.Tomcat.class,
DataSourceConfiguration.Dbcp2.class, DataSourceConfiguration.OracleUcp.class,
DataSourceConfiguration.Generic.class, DataSourceJmxConfiguration.class })
protected static class PooledDataSourceConfiguration
-
DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration: 事务管理器的自动配置
-
JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration: JdbcTemplate的自动配置,可以来对数据库进行crud
-
- 可以修改这个配置项@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = “spring.jdbc”) 来修改JdbcTemplate
- @Bean@Primary JdbcTemplate;容器中有这个组件
-
JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration: jndi的自动配置
-
XADataSourceAutoConfiguration: 分布式事务相关的
1.3 修改配置项
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_account
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
1.4 测试
@Slf4j
@SpringBootTest
class Boot05WebAdminApplicationTests {
@Autowired
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Test
void contextLoads() {
// jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from account_tbl")
// jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select * from account_tbl",)
Long aLong = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select count(*) from account_tbl", Long.class);
log.info("记录总数:{}",aLong);
}
}
2.使用Druid数据源
2.1 Druid官方网址
github:https://github.com/alibaba/druid
整合第三方技术的两种方式:
- 自定义
- 找starter
2.2 自定义方式
1.创建数据源
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.17</version>
</dependency>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<property name="maxActive" value="20" />
<property name="initialSize" value="1" />
<property name="maxWait" value="60000" />
<property name="minIdle" value="1" />
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000" />
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="300000" />
<property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" />
<property name="testOnReturn" value="false" />
<property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true" />
<property name="maxOpenPreparedStatements" value="20" />
spring boot 可以使用yml方式
2.StatView
StatViewServlet的用途包括:
- 提供监控信息展示的html页面
- 提供监控信息的JSON API
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DruidStatView</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DruidStatView</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/druid/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
3.StatFile
需要给数据源中配置如下属性;可以允许多个filter,多个用,分割;如:
慢SQL记录
<bean id="stat-filter" class="com.alibaba.druid.filter.stat.StatFilter">
<property name="slowSqlMillis" value="10000" />
<property name="logSlowSql" value="true" />
</bean>
使用 slowSqlMillis 定义慢SQL的时长
2.3 使用官方Starter方式
1.引入starter
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.17</version>
</dependency>
2.分析自动配置
-
扩展配置项 spring.datasource.druid
-
DruidSpringAopConfiguration.class, 监控SpringBean的;配置项:spring.datasource.druid.aop-patterns
-
DruidStatViewServletConfiguration.class, 监控页的配置:spring.datasource.druid.stat-view-servlet;默认开启
-
DruidWebStatFilterConfiguration.class, web监控配置;spring.datasource.druid.web-stat-filter;默认开启
-
DruidFilterConfiguration.class}) 所有Druid自己filter的配置
private static final String FILTER_STAT_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.stat";
private static final String FILTER_CONFIG_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.config";
private static final String FILTER_ENCODING_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.encoding";
private static final String FILTER_SLF4J_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.slf4j";
private static final String FILTER_LOG4J_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.log4j";
private static final String FILTER_LOG4J2_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.log4j2";
private static final String FILTER_COMMONS_LOG_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.commons-log";
private static final String FILTER_WALL_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.wall";
3.配置示例
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bookstore
username: root
password: '073838'
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
druid:
aop-patterns: com.atguigu.admin.* #监控SpringBean
filters: stat,wall # 底层开启功能,stat(sql监控),wall(防火墙)
stat-view-servlet: # 配置监控页功能
enabled: true
login-username: admin
login-password: admin
resetEnable: false
web-stat-filter: # 监控web
enabled: true
urlPattern: /*
exclusions: '*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*'
filter:
stat: # 对上面filters里面的stat的详细配置
slow-sql-millis: 1000
logSlowSql: true
enabled: true
wall:
enabled: true
config:
drop-table-allow: false
访问监控地址:http://localhost:8080/druid/
3.整合mybatis
3.1 引入starter
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0</version>
</dependency>
引入的jar包:
3.2 配置模式
开发步骤
1.引入mybatis、druid的starter,并配好配置
2.写全局配置和mapper配置文件,并在yml指定好位置
配置:
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml #全局配置文件位置
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml #sql映射文件位置
3.编写bean、mapper、service、controller
BookUser:
@Data
public class BookUser {
private Long id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String email;
}
UserMapper:
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
public BookUser getUser(Long id);
}
sql映射文件UserMapper.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.deserts.boot.mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="getUser" resultType="com.deserts.boot.bean.BookUser" parameterType="long">
select * from bs_user where id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
UserService:
@Service
public class UserService {
@Autowired
UserMapper userMapper;
public BookUser getById(Long id){
return userMapper.getUser(id);
}
}
UserController:
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
UserService userService;
@GetMapping("/user")
public BookUser getUserById(@RequestParam("id") Long id){
BookUser user = userService.getById(id);
return user;
}
}
4.测试结果:
两种全局配置方式
1、同上,使用xml配置并指定配置文件位置
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml #全局配置文件位置
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml #sql映射文件位置
2、使用yml直接配置
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml #sql映射文件位置
configuration: #全局配置
map-underscore-to-camel-case: true #开启驼峰命名映射
3.3 注解模式
简单的语句可以不写mapper映射文件,直接使用注解的方式去编写
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
@Select("select * from bs_user where id = #{id}")
public BookUser getUser(Long id);
}
两种方式也可以混合使用
3.4 开发步骤总结
- 引入mybatis-starter
- 配置application.yaml中,指定mapper-location位置即可
- 编写Mapper接口并标注@Mapper注解
- 简单方法直接注解方式,复杂方法编写mapper.xml进行绑定映射.@MapperScan(“com.atguigu.admin.mapper”) 简化,其他的接口就可以不用标注@Mapper注解*
4.整合mybatis-plus
加入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>3.4.1</version>
</dependency>
自动配置
- MybatisPlusAutoConfiguration 配置类,MybatisPlusProperties 配置项绑定。
- SqlSessionFactory 自动配置好。底层是容器中默认的数据源
- mapperLocations 自动配置好的。有默认值。映射文件放在classpath:/mapper/**/*.xml这个路径即可被自动扫描
- 容器中也自动配置好了 SqlSessionTemplate