BGP学习历程（实验＋理论分析）

BGP

注意事项：
1.BGP配置之前，需要内网（OSPF，ISIS，RIP或者静态路由）相互通信，ping通
2.同个AS域是IBGP，不同的AS域之间的互联是EBGP
拓扑描述：左中右分别是AS100，AS200，AS300；蓝色的区域是使用OSPF；

OSPF配置

前言：OSPF使用环回地址进行配置，防止出现单点故障。分别配置各个设备的环回地址，端口地址，OSPF的router-id与环回地址相同，均使用区域0，各端口之间使用192.168.Ｘ.X网段。
1.R2配置（分别使用精确宣告和网段宣告，精确宣告是宣告本端接口地址）

ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 
 area 0.0.0.0 
  network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 
  network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255        

2.R3配置

ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 
 area 0.0.0.0 
  network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 
  network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 
  network 192.168.34.3 0.0.0.0 

3.R4配置

ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4 
 area 0.0.0.0 
  network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 
  network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255 

4.结果
OSPF区域的各个设备建立邻居并且相互访问环回地址互通。

[R2]ping 3.3.3.3
  PING 3.3.3.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=60 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms
[R2]ping 4.4.4.4
  PING 4.4.4.4: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms

[R3]ping 4.4.4.4
  PING 4.4.4.4: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

[R4]ping 2.2.2.2
  PING 2.2.2.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=20 ms
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=20 ms

IBGP建立邻居配置

R2配置

[R2]bgp 200
[R2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 200      //指定对端的环回口地址为建立TCP连接的目的地址，对端所在的AS域
[R2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0     //指定建立TCP连接的源地址

R3配置

[R3]bgp 200
[R3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as-number 200
[R3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 200
[R3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0

R4配置

[R4]bgp 200
[R4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 200
[R4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0

IBGP验证（Established 状态为IBGP邻居建立成功）

[R3]dis bgp peer
 BGP local router ID : 3.3.3.3
 Local AS number : 200
 Total number of peers : 2		  Peers in established state : 2

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State Pre
fRcv
  2.2.2.2         4         200       37       37     0 00:35:41 Established    
   0
  4.4.4.4         4         200        4        6     0 00:02:58 Established    
   0

EBGP配置

EBGP直连配置
R1配置

[R1]bgp 100
[R1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-bgp]peer 192.168.12.2 as-number 200         //对端所在的AS域

R2配置

[R2]bgp 200
[R2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.12.1 as-number 100

验证

[R1]dis bgp peer

 BGP local router ID : 1.1.1.1
 Local AS number : 100
 Total number of peers : 1		  Peers in established state : 1

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State Pre
fRcv

  192.168.12.2    4         200        2        2     0 00:00:25 Established    
   0

EBGP环回口配置（需写静态路由，默认的最大的TTL值为1，需修改）
R4配置

[R4]ip route-static 5.5.5.5 32 192.168.45.5
[R4]bgp 200
[R4-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 as-number 300
[R4-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R4-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 ebgp-max-hop 2

R5配置

[R5]ip route-static 4.4.4.4 32 192.168.45.4
[R5]bgp 300
[R5-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 200
[R5-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R5-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 ebgp-max-hop 2

验证

[R4-bgp]dis bgp peer

 BGP local router ID : 4.4.4.4
 Local AS number : 200
 Total number of peers : 2		  Peers in established state : 2

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State Pre
fRcv

  3.3.3.3         4         200       71       71     0 01:09:58 Established    
   0
  5.5.5.5         4         300        2        4     0 00:00:12 Established    
   0