测试函数
先看下测试代码
name_function.py
def get_formatted_name(first, last, middle=''):
"""生成整洁的姓名"""
if middle:
full_name = first + ' ' + middle + ' ' + last
else:
full_name = first + ' ' + last
return full_name.title()
测试代码:
from name_function import get_formatted_name
print("Enter 'q' at any time to quit.")
while True:
first = input("\nPlease give me a first name: ")
if first == 'q':
break
last = input("Please give me a last name: ")
if last == 'q':
break
formatted_name = get_formatted_name(first, last)
print("\tNeatly formatted name: " + formatted_name + '.')
结果:
Enter 'q' at any time to quit.
Please give me a first name: wu
Please give me a last name: shanghui
Neatly formatted name: Wu Shanghui.
Please give me a first name: wu
Please give me a last name: chengen
Neatly formatted name: Wu Chengen.
Please give me a first name: q
Process finished with exit code 0
单元测试和测试用例
Python标准库中的模块unittest提供了代码测试工具.
测试用例是一组单元测试
可通过的测试
test_name_function.py
import unittest
from name_function import get_formatted_name
class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
"""测试name_function.py"""
def test_first_last_name(self):
"""能够正确地处理像Janis Joplin这样的姓名吗?"""
formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Janis Joplin')
unittest.main()
运行它
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s
OK
分析:
- self.assertEqual(formatted_name, ‘Janis Joplin’) 断言
- 结果第一行句号表示测试通过了
- 最后OK表示测试用例中的所有单元测试都通过了
不能通过的测试
我们故意断言一个错误的结果试试看
def test_first_last_name(self):
"""能够正确地处理像Janis Joplin这样的姓名吗?"""
formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Janis Joplin1')
F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_first_last_name (__main__.NamesTestCase)
能够正确地处理像Janis Joplin这样的姓名吗?
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test_name_function.py", line 10, in test_first_last_name
self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Janis Joplin1')
AssertionError: 'Janis Joplin' != 'Janis Joplin1'
- Janis Joplin
+ Janis Joplin1
? +
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s
FAILED (failures=1)
添加新的测试
def test_first_middle_last_name(self):
"""能够正确地处理像Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart这样的姓名吗?"""
formatted_name = get_formatted_name('wolfgang', 'mozart', 'amadeus')
self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart')
测试类
各种断言方法
Python在unittest.TestCase类中提供了很多断言方法.
unittest Module中的断言方法
| 方法 | 用途 |
|---|---|
assertEqual(a, b) | 核实a == b |
assertNotEqual(a, b) | 核实a != b |
assertTrue(x) | 核实x为True |
assertFalse(x) | 核实x为False |
assertIn(item, list) | 核实item在list中 |
assertNotIn(item, list) | 核实item不在list中 |
一个要测试的类
一个帮助管理匿名调查的类
survey.py
class AnonymousSurvey():
"""收集匿名调查问卷的答案"""
def __init__(self, question):
"""存储一个问题, 并为存储答案做准备"""
self.question = question
self.responses = []
def show_question(self):
"""显示调查问卷"""
print(self.question)
def store_response(self, new_response):
"""存储单份调查答卷"""
self.responses.append(new_response)
def show_results(self):
"""显示收集到的所有答卷"""
print('Survey results: ')
for response in self.responses:
print('- ' + response)
编写一个使用它的程序:
language_survey.py
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
# 定义一个问题, 并创建一个表示调查的AnonymousSurvey 对象
question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
# 显示问题并存储答案
my_survey.show_question()
print("Enter 'q' at any time to quit.\n")
while True:
response = input("language: ")
if response == 'q':
break
my_survey.store_response(response)
# 显示调查结果
print("\nThank you to everyone who participated in the survey!")
my_survey.show_results()
测试结果:
What language did you first learn to speak?
Enter 'q' at any time to quit.
language: English
language: Spanish
language: Mandarin
language: q
Thank you to everyone who participated in the survey!
Survey results:
- English
- Spanish
- Mandarin
测试AnonymousSurvey类
test_survey.py
import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
"""针对AnonymousSurvey的测试"""
def test_store_single_response(self):
"""测试单个答案会被妥善的存储"""
question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
my_survey.store_response('English')
self.assertIn("English", my_survey.responses)
unittest.main()
运行它:
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s
OK
再测试一个新方法
def test_store_three_responses(self):
"""测试三个答案会被妥善地存储"""
question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
responses = ['English', 'Spanish', 'Mandarin']
for response in responses:
my_survey.store_response(response)
for response in responses:
self.assertIn(response, my_survey.responses)
通过上面的两个函数可以看到, 在方法里面都有相同的代码, 比如创建AnonymousSurvey类, 怎么能复用呢?
方法setUp()
def setUp(self):
"""创建一个调查对象和一组答案, 供使用的测试方法使用"""
question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
self.my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
self.responses = ['English', 'Spanish', 'Mandarin']
def test_store_single_response(self):
"""测试单个答案会被妥善的存储"""
self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])
self.assertIn(self.responses[0], self.my_survey.responses)
def test_store_three_responses(self):
"""测试三个答案会被妥善地存储"""
for response in self.responses:
self.my_survey.store_response(response)
for response in self.responses:
self.assertIn(response, self.my_survey.responses)
分析:
- unittest.TestCase类包含方法setUp(), 可以用来创建好其他函数都用到的部分
- 其他函数需要以
test_打头
测试结果:
..
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
OK
Python3 目录
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