五、创建型 原型模式

原型模式（Prototype Pattern）是用于创建重复的对象，同时又能保证性能。这种模式是实现了一个原型接口，该接口用于创建当前对象的克隆。当直接创建对象的代价比较大时，则采用这种模式。

1. 创建一个实现了 Cloneable 接口的抽象类。

/**
 * 形状
 *
 * @author 吴尚慧
 * @since 2022/6/21 10:15
 */
public abstract class Shape implements Cloneable {

    private Integer id;
    protected String type;

    /**
     * 画
     */
    public abstract void draw();

    public String getType(){
        return type;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() {
        Object clone = null;
        try {
            clone = super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return clone;
    }
}

2. 创建扩展了上面抽象类的实体类。

/**
 * 圆
 *
 * @author 吴尚慧
 * @since 2022/6/21 10:17
 */
public class Circle extends Shape {

    public Circle(){
        type = "Circle";
    }

    @Override
    public void draw() {
        System.out.println("画一个圆");
    }
}

/**
 * 长方形
 *
 * @author 吴尚慧
 * @since 2022/6/21 10:17
 */
public class Rectangle extends Shape {

    public Rectangle(){
        type = "Rectangle";
    }

    @Override
    public void draw() {
        System.out.println("画一个长方形");
    }
}

/**
 * 正方形
 *
 * @author 吴尚慧
 * @since 2022/6/21 10:17
 */
public class Square extends Shape {

    public Square() {
        type = "Square";
    }

    @Override
    public void draw() {
        System.out.println("画一个正方形");
    }
}

3. 创建一个缓存

/**
 * @author 吴尚慧
 * @since 2022/6/21 10:20
 */
public class ShapeCache {

    private static Map<Integer, Shape> SHAPE_MAP = new HashMap<>();

    public static Shape getShape(Integer shapeId) {
        Shape cachedShape = SHAPE_MAP.get(shapeId);
        return (Shape) cachedShape.clone();
    }

    public static void loadCache() {
        Circle circle = new Circle();
        circle.setId(1);
        SHAPE_MAP.put(circle.getId(), circle);

        Square square = new Square();
        square.setId(2);
        SHAPE_MAP.put(square.getId(), square);

        Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle();
        rectangle.setId(3);
        SHAPE_MAP.put(rectangle.getId(), rectangle);
    }
}

4. 测试

/**
 * @author 吴尚慧
 * @since 2022/6/21 10:22
 */
public class PrototypePatternDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ShapeCache.loadCache();

        Shape clonedShape = ShapeCache.getShape(1);
        System.out.println("Shape : " + clonedShape.getType());

        Shape clonedShape2 = ShapeCache.getShape(2);
        System.out.println("Shape : " + clonedShape2.getType());

        Shape clonedShape3 = ShapeCache.getShape(3);
        System.out.println("Shape : " + clonedShape3.getType());
    }
}

结果：

Shape : Circle
Shape : Square
Shape : Rectangle

参考：
https://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/design-pattern-intro.html