十二、结构型 享元模式（Flyweight Pattern）

享元模式（Flyweight Pattern）主要用于减少创建对象的数量，以减少内存占用和提高性能。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式，它提供了减少对象数量从而改善应用所需的对象结构的方式。

一个形状接口

/**
 * 形状接口
 *
 * @author 吴尚慧
 * @since 2022/6/26 13:11
 */
public interface Shape {
    /**
     * 画
     */
    void draw();
}

形状接口实现类：圆

/**
 * 圆
 *
 * @author 吴尚慧
 * @since 2022/6/13 10:22
 */
public class Circle implements Shape {

    /**
     * 颜色
     */
    private String color;
    /**
     * x坐标
     */
    private int x;
    /**
     * y坐标
     */
    private int y;
    /**
     * 半径
     */
    private int radius;

    public Circle(String color) {
        this.color = color;
    }

    public void setX(int x) {
        this.x = x;
    }

    public void setY(int y) {
        this.y = y;
    }

    public void setRadius(int radius) {
        this.radius = radius;
    }

    @Override
    public void draw() {
        System.out.println("Circle: Draw() [Color : " + color
                + ", x : " + x + ", y :" + y + ", radius :" + radius);
    }
}

一个创建形状的工厂

/**
 * @author 吴尚慧
 * @since 2022/6/26 17:14
 */
public class ShapeFactory {

    private static final Map<String, Shape> circleMap = new HashMap<>();

    public static Shape getCircle(String color) {
        Circle circle = (Circle) circleMap.get(color);

        if (circle == null) {
            circle = new Circle(color);
            circleMap.put(color, circle);
            System.out.println("Creating circle of color : " + color);
        }
        return circle;
    }
}

测试类

/**
 * 测试类
 *
 * @author 吴尚慧
 * @since 2022/6/26 17:15
 */
public class FlyweightPatternDemo {

    private static final String colors[] = {"Red", "Green", "Blue", "White", "Black"};

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
            Circle circle =
                    (Circle) ShapeFactory.getCircle(getRandomColor());
            circle.setX(getRandomX());
            circle.setY(getRandomY());
            circle.setRadius(100);
            circle.draw();
        }
    }

    private static String getRandomColor() {
        return colors[(int) (Math.random() * colors.length)];
    }

    private static int getRandomX() {
        return (int) (Math.random() * 100);
    }

    private static int getRandomY() {
        return (int) (Math.random() * 100);
    }
}

结果：

Creating circle of color : Red
Circle: Draw() [Color : Red, x : 33, y :42, radius :100
Creating circle of color : White
Circle: Draw() [Color : White, x : 63, y :80, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Red, x : 22, y :89, radius :100
Creating circle of color : Black
Circle: Draw() [Color : Black, x : 36, y :28, radius :100
Creating circle of color : Blue
Circle: Draw() [Color : Blue, x : 4, y :7, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : White, x : 31, y :63, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Red, x : 26, y :9, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Blue, x : 90, y :93, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Black, x : 82, y :13, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : White, x : 35, y :44, radius :100
Creating circle of color : Green
Circle: Draw() [Color : Green, x : 8, y :78, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Green, x : 94, y :68, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Green, x : 98, y :28, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Black, x : 61, y :59, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : White, x : 44, y :42, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Black, x : 32, y :74, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Blue, x : 50, y :18, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Red, x : 96, y :8, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Blue, x : 68, y :40, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Red, x : 8, y :49, radius :100

从结果中可以看出，同一种颜色的圆只会创建一次，执行了20次，最多也只有5个对象，这里随机测试结果是5个对象。

参考：
https://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/design-pattern-intro.html