JAVA-实用类

一．枚举
Enum，特殊的数据类型，即是一个类又有比普通类多一点约束
简洁、安全、方便等特点，有一个特定的范围

常量用finall形容

public enum 枚举名{
}

Values()方法可以返回枚举的所有常量
valuesof()可以通过字符串创建对应的枚举对象

二．Math
数学方法，都是静态常量，常量E和PI

public class math {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("常量E"+Math.E);
        System.out.println("常量PI"+Math.PI);
        System.out.println("9的平方根"+Math.sqrt(9));
        System.out.println("8的立方根"+Math.cbrt(8));
        System.out.println("2的3次平方"+Math.pow(2,3));
        System.out.println(Math.max(6.5,3.5));
        System.out.println(Math.min(5.5,9.7));
        System.out.println(Math.abs(-8.9));
        System.out.println(Math.ceil(10.0003));
        System.out.println(Math.floor(10.99999));
        System.out.println(Math.random());
        System.out.println(Math.round(5.6));
        System.out.println(Math.round(6.6f));
        System.out.println(Math.rint(6.4));
    }
}

三．Random

import java.util.Random;

public class random {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Random random = new Random();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
            boolean flag = random.nextBoolean();
            System.out.println(flag);
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <=3; i++) {
            double num = random.nextDouble();
            System.out.println(num);
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
            float num = random.nextFloat();
            System.out.println(num);
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <=3; i++) {
            int num = random.nextInt();
            System.out.println(num);
        }
    }
}

四．String
String实例化有两种方式
1.直接赋值
2.利用构造函数创建实例化对象

public class stringTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str1 = "Hello";
        String str2 = "Hello";
        System.out.println(str1 == str2);//true
        String str3 = new String("World");
        String str4 = new String("World");
        System.out.println(str3 == str4);//false
    }
}

直接赋值的方法：首先会在字符串常量池中开辟一个新的空间，然后再将该内存地址给到栈中，如果第二次再用到相同的字符串则不会再重新开辟新的空间，直接把已有的内存地址赋值给栈，所以==比较会是true

构造函数的方法：new几个String就会开辟几个内存空间，会把不同的内存地址赋给栈，所以==比较会是false

String类对于继承Object类的equals方法进行重写；
在判断两个字符串是否相等时，会直接将字符串转为byte类的数组，然后依次判断字符串的每个值是否相等

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = "Hello";
        String str1 = str;
        System.out.println(str.equals(str1));
    }
}

String常用方法

import java.util.Arrays;

public class stringUse {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        char[] array = {'j','a','v','a','H','e','l','l','o'};
        String str = new String(array);
        System.out.println(str);
        System.out.println(str.length());
        System.out.println(str.isEmpty());
        //下标为2的字符
        System.out.println(str.charAt(2));
        System.out.println(str.indexOf("H"));
        String str1 = "Hello";
        System.out.println(str.equals(str1));
        String str2 = "HELLO";
        //忽略大小写是否相等
        System.out.println(str1.equalsIgnoreCase(str2));
        System.out.println(str.startsWith("java"));
        System.out.println(str.endsWith("java"));
        //从2开始截取
        System.out.println(str.substring(2));
        System.out.println(str.substring(2,6));
        System.out.println(str.replaceAll("Hello","javaME"));
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(str.split(",")));
        //将字符串转为char类型的数组
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(str.toCharArray()));
        System.out.println(str2.toLowerCase());
        System.out.println(str1.toUpperCase()); 
    }
}

五．StringBuffer
底层是用一个数组来存储字符串的值，空的StringBuffer默认长度为16
调用有参构造是“值的长度+16”
如果修改范围超过16，则调用底层方法进行扩容

public class stringBuff {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        System.out.println(stringBuffer);
        System.out.println(stringBuffer.length());
        stringBuffer = new StringBuffer("Hello");
        System.out.println(stringBuffer);
        //打印下标为2的字符
        System.out.println(stringBuffer.charAt(2));
        stringBuffer = stringBuffer.append("java");
        System.out.println(stringBuffer);
        stringBuffer = stringBuffer.delete(3,6);
        System.out.println(stringBuffer);
        stringBuffer = stringBuffer.deleteCharAt(3);
        System.out.println(stringBuffer);
        stringBuffer = stringBuffer.replace(2,3,"stringBuffer");
        System.out.println(stringBuffer);
        String str = stringBuffer.substring(2);
        System.out.println(str);
        str = stringBuffer.substring(2,8);
        System.out.println(str);
        stringBuffer = stringBuffer.insert(6,"six");
        System.out.println(stringBuffer);
        System.out.println(stringBuffer.indexOf("e"));
        System.out.println(stringBuffer.indexOf("e",6));
        stringBuffer = stringBuffer.reverse();
        System.out.println(stringBuffer);
        str = stringBuffer.toString();
        System.out.println(str);
    }
}

六．日期
Java.util.Date 和 Java.util.Calendar

使用java.text.SimpleDateFormate类对日期进行格式化，SimpleDateFormate提供模板标记

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class date {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Date date = new Date();
        SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:SSS");
        String str = simpleDateFormat.format(date);
        System.out.println(str);
    }
}

七．Calender

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;

public class CalendarTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //计算2018年8月6日所在周是一年中的第几周
        Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
        calendar.set(Calendar.YEAR,2018);
        calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH,7);
        calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH,6);
        int week = calendar.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR);
        System.out.println(week);

        calendar.set(Calendar.YEAR,2018);
        calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH,7);
        calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH,6);
        calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR,calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR)-21);
        SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        String str1 = simpleDateFormat.format(calendar.getTime());
        System.out.println(str1);
    }
}