2.60-假设我们将一个w位的字中的字节从0(最低位)到w/8- 1(最高位)编号。写出下面C函数的代码，它会返回一个无符号值，其中参数x的字节i被替换成字节b。

接上题目：

unsigned replace_byte(unsigned x, int i, unsigned char b);

以下示例，说明了这个函数该如何工作：
replace_byte(unsigned x, int i, unsigned char b);

replace_byte(0x12345678, 2, 0xAB)-->0x12AB5678;
replace_byte(0x12345678, 0, 0xAB)-- > 0x123456AB;

开始作答：

/** generate-a-word.c */
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <assert.h> 

//expression: ( (b & 0xFF) << 8 * i ) | ( x&(~ (0xFF << i * 8) ) )
unsigned replace_byte(unsigned x, int i, unsigned char b) {
	unsigned int y = 0;
	//8*i = i<<3  #*************#
	y = (b & 0xFF) << 8 * i;
	x = x&(~(0xFF << i * 8));
	return x|y ;
}

int main() {
	unsigned x = 0x12345678;
	int i = 0;
	unsigned char b = 0xAB;
	printf("%#X\n",replace_byte(x,i,b));
	return 0;
}

官方答案：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>

unsigned replace_byte(unsigned x, int i, unsigned char b) {
	if (i < 0) {
		printf("error: i is negetive\n");
		return x;
	}
	if (i > sizeof(unsigned)-1) {
		printf("error: too big i");
		return x;
	}
	
	// 1 byte has 8 bits, << 3 means * 8
	unsigned mask = ((unsigned) 0xFF) << (i << 3);
	unsigned pos_byte = ((unsigned) b) << (i << 3);
	return (x & ~mask) | pos_byte;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { 
	unsigned rep_0 = replace_byte(0x12345678, 0, 0xAB); 
	unsigned rep_3 = replace_byte(0x12345678, 3, 0xAB); 
	
	assert(rep_0 == 0x123456AB); 
	assert(rep_3 == 0xAB345678); 
	return 0; 
}