shell基础实例二

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-18 10:11:20 发布

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分类专栏： linux 文章标签：运维 linux bash

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45866346/article/details/121327239

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初学shell，给大家分享我的一下我的练习题目，有不对或者写的不好的地方还请大家指出。

1.写脚本模拟Linux登录shell。具体为：

Login：（输入用户名user）

Password：（输入密码123456）

如果都输入正确就换行显示：“Both the account and password are right！Login Success！”如果输入错误就换行显示：“Input is error！Login Failed！”

参考代码

#!/bin/bash
#var Login shell

read -p "Login:" uname
read -p "Password:" ukey

if [ ${uname} = "TAC" -a ${ukey} = "123456" ]; then
        echo "Both the account and passwork are right! Login Success! "
else
        echo "Inout is error! Login Failed!"
fi

测试

Login:TAC
Password:123456
Both the account and passwork are right! Login Success! 
tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ ./w9.sh
Login:TAC
Password:123457
Inout is error! Login Failed!

2.先查找指定目录中所有大于1M的文件，然后把找到的文件写到一个文本文件中，并统计这样的文件有多少个。（find，wc）

#!/bin/bash
#select file >= y M

read -p "Please input a path: " x
read -p "Input size: " y

sudo find $x -type f -size +"$y"M > w10_text.txt   ##结果输出到当前目录
echo "There have `cat w10_text.txt |wc -l` file"

for a in `cat ./w10_text.txt`
do
        echo "${a:20}"
done

测试

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ ./w10.sh
Please input a path: /home/tanaocheng/下载
Input size: 50
There have 2 file
netease-cloud-music_1.2.1_amd64_ubuntu_20190428.deb
baidunetdisk_3.5.0_amd64.deb
tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$

大于50M的文件名输入到了当前目录下的w10_test.txt中

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ cat w10_text.txt 
/home/tanaocheng/下载/netease-cloud-music_1.2.1_amd64_ubuntu_20190428.deb
/home/tanaocheng/下载/baidunetdisk_3.5.0_amd64.deb

ls -lh查看“下载”文件夹中文件的实际大小

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/下载$ ls -lh
总用量 218M
drwxrwxr-x 3 tanaocheng tanaocheng 4.0K 11月  4 21:13 201611031102021
-r-------- 1 tanaocheng tanaocheng 107M 10月 31 16:06 baidunetdisk_3.5.0_amd64.deb
-r-------- 1 tanaocheng tanaocheng  12M 10月 31 14:33 linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_amd64.deb
-r-------- 1 tanaocheng tanaocheng 100M 10月 31 15:37 netease-cloud-music_1.2.1_amd64_ubuntu_20190428.deb

3.先在指定目录下创建1000个文件，要求其中要有200个文件其文件名以abc开头，然后在这个目录下再找出100个以abc开头的文件，把其文件名写到其文件内容的第一行。最后再把这些文件的第一行保存到文件new中。

参考代码，只生成一百个文件，20个一abc开头文件

#!/bin/bash
#Creat 1000 , 200is abc

i=0

path=w11_testdir
filenew=new.txt
if [ -d $path ]
then
        echo "$path" is aready Creadted""
else
        mkdir $path
        touch $filenew
        while (($i<=100))
        do
                if (( i<=20 ));then
                        filename="abc"$i".txt"
                        touch $path/$filename           #mkdir $path/$filename 
                else
                        filename="TAC"$i".txt"
                        touch $path/$filename           #mkdir $path/$filename

                fi
                let i=$i+1
        done

        for fn in `find $w11_testdir -type f -name "abc*"|head -n 100`
        do
                fn_t="${fn:14}"                    ##截取出文件名字段
                echo "$fn_t" > $fn                 ##将字段写入对于的txt中
                echo "`head -n 1 $fn`" >> $filenew ##将abc开头的文件名追加输入到new.txt中
                echo "$fn"                         ##打印出操作对象
        done
fi

测试

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ ./w11.sh
./w11_testdir/abc4.txt
./w11_testdir/abc2.txt
./w11_testdir/abc20.txt
./w11_testdir/abc8.txt
./w11_testdir/abc19.txt
./w11_testdir/abc6.txt
./w11_testdir/abc1.txt
./w11_testdir/abc0.txt
./w11_testdir/abc10.txt
./w11_testdir/abc17.txt
./w11_testdir/abc3.txt
./w11_testdir/abc13.txt
./w11_testdir/abc5.txt
./w11_testdir/abc9.txt
./w11_testdir/abc14.txt
./w11_testdir/abc18.txt
./w11_testdir/abc7.txt
./w11_testdir/abc15.txt
./w11_testdir/abc12.txt
./w11_testdir/abc16.txt
./w11_testdir/abc11.txt

查看在当前目录新下生成的new.txt与目录w11_testdir

生成的所有文件

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ ls ./w11_testdir
abc0.txt   abc15.txt  abc20.txt  abc7.txt    TAC23.txt  TAC29.txt  TAC35.txt  TAC41.txt  TAC47.txt  TAC53.txt  TAC59.txt  TAC65.txt  TAC71.txt  TAC77.txt  TAC83.txt  TAC89.txt  TAC95.txt
abc10.txt  abc16.txt  abc2.txt   abc8.txt    TAC24.txt  TAC30.txt  TAC36.txt  TAC42.txt  TAC48.txt  TAC54.txt  TAC60.txt  TAC66.txt  TAC72.txt  TAC78.txt  TAC84.txt  TAC90.txt  TAC96.txt
abc11.txt  abc17.txt  abc3.txt   abc9.txt    TAC25.txt  TAC31.txt  TAC37.txt  TAC43.txt  TAC49.txt  TAC55.txt  TAC61.txt  TAC67.txt  TAC73.txt  TAC79.txt  TAC85.txt  TAC91.txt  TAC97.txt
abc12.txt  abc18.txt  abc4.txt   TAC100.txt  TAC26.txt  TAC32.txt  TAC38.txt  TAC44.txt  TAC50.txt  TAC56.txt  TAC62.txt  TAC68.txt  TAC74.txt  TAC80.txt  TAC86.txt  TAC92.txt  TAC98.txt
abc13.txt  abc19.txt  abc5.txt   TAC21.txt   TAC27.txt  TAC33.txt  TAC39.txt  TAC45.txt  TAC51.txt  TAC57.txt  TAC63.txt  TAC69.txt  TAC75.txt  TAC81.txt  TAC87.txt  TAC93.txt  TAC99.txt
abc14.txt  abc1.txt   abc6.txt   TAC22.txt   TAC28.txt  TAC34.txt  TAC40.txt  TAC46.txt  TAC52.txt  TAC58.txt  TAC64.txt  TAC70.txt  TAC76.txt  TAC82.txt  TAC88.txt  TAC94.txt

查看new.txt内容

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ cat new.txt
abc4.txt
abc2.txt
abc20.txt
abc8.txt
abc19.txt
abc6.txt
abc1.txt
abc0.txt
abc10.txt
abc17.txt
abc3.txt
abc13.txt
abc5.txt
abc9.txt
abc14.txt
abc18.txt
abc7.txt
abc15.txt
abc12.txt
abc16.txt
abc11.txt

查看其中一个文件的内容

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ cat w11_testdir/abc16.txt
abc16.txt

4.先在当前目录下建立两个文件，名称分别为a和b，接着在两个文件中分别录入一些文本内容，然后再把文件b中有的，但是文件a中没有的所有行，保存为文件c，并统计c的行数。

参考代码

#!/bin/bash
#Realization fileb have but filea didnot linex

path=test_12
filea=a.txt
fileb=b.txt
filec=c.txt

if [ ! -d $path ];
then
        mkdir ./$path                ##在但前目录下新建文件夹进行测试
        touch $path/$filea
        touch $path/$fileb

        let i=0
        while ((i<=10))             ##写入内容,
        do
                if [ `expr $i \% 2` -eq 0 ];
                then
                        echo "TAC+"$i"" >> $path/$filea
                fi

                echo "TAC+"$i"" >> $path/$fileb
                let i+=1
        done

        diff $path/$filea $path/$fileb |grep \> >> $path/$filec

else
        echo "File is already existed"                       ##这段代码用于调试
        x="y"
        read -p "Do you want to remove old file[y/n]" x
        if [ $x = "y" ];then
                rm -rf $path
        fi
fi

if [  "$x"x != "y"x ];then
echo "This is a.txt:"
cat $path/$filea

echo "That is b.txt:"
cat $path/$fileb

echo "And this is Realization fileb have buf filea didnot  for c.txt:"
echo "Have lines:`cat $path/$filec |wc -l`"
cat $path/$filec
fi

测试

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ ./w12.sh
File is already existed
Do you want to remove old file[y/n]y
tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ ./w12.sh
This is a.txt:
TAC+0
TAC+2
TAC+4
TAC+6
TAC+8
TAC+10
That is b.txt:
TAC+0
TAC+1
TAC+2
TAC+3
TAC+4
TAC+5
TAC+6
TAC+7
TAC+8
TAC+9
TAC+10
And this is Realization fileb have buf filea didnot  for c.txt:
Have lines:5
> TAC+1
> TAC+3
> TAC+5
> TAC+7
> TAC+9
tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$

5.判断一文件是不是块或字符设备文件，如果是将其拷贝到 /dev 目录下。

参考代码

#!/bin/bash
#Judge a file is chardev or blockdev,blockdev copy to /dev

path=" "
file=" "
read -p "Please input File and diretory   " path file

if [ -c $path/$file ];then
        echo "This is a Character file"
        cp -p $path/$file /dev
elif [ -b $path/$file ];then
        cp -p $path/$file /dev
        echo "This ia a block file"
else
        echo "cp failed"
fi

6.新建一个目录，然后在这个目录下建立100个后缀名为.sh的脚本文件，接着把这个目录下的所有脚本文件的后缀名全部改为bat，再以时间为文件名压缩打包存放到一个新建立的目录。

参考代码

#!/bin/bash

#1.create a new file
#2.make 100 shall file
#3.modify the shall to .bat,and named by date

path1="w14_test1"
path2="w14_test2"
tarname="w14`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`"
#read -p "Please input two file path   :" path1 path2

if [ -d $path1 ];
then
        echo "file path is already existed"
        read -p "Do you want to rmove the old one?[y/n]" x
        if [ $x = "y" ];then
                rm -rf $path1
                rm -fr $path2
                rm w14*.tar.gz
        fi
else
        mkdir $path1
        let i=0
        while (( $i<=10 ))
        do
                touch $path1/$i.sh
                let i+=1
        done
        cp -r $path1 $path2

        let i=0
        while (( $i<=10 ))
        do
                mv $path2/$i.sh $path2/$i.bat
                let i+=1
        done

        tar -czf $tarname.tar.gz $path2
        echo "Creat sucsess:"
        echo "path1:"
        ls $path1
        echo "path2:"
        ls $path2
        echo "tar:"
        ls ./*.tar.gz

fi
~

测试

Creat sucsess:
path1:
0.sh  10.sh  1.sh  2.sh  3.sh  4.sh  5.sh  6.sh  7.sh  8.sh  9.sh
path2:
0.bat  10.bat  1.bat  2.bat  3.bat  4.bat  5.bat  6.bat  7.bat	8.bat  9.bat
tar:
./w1420211115093719.tar.gz

查看当前目录

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ ls
new.txt  w10.sh        w11.sh       w12.sh  w1420211115093719.tar.gz  w14_test1  w15.sh  w17.sh  w1.sh  w3.sh  w5.sh  w7.sh  w9.sh
test_12  w10_text.txt  w11_testdir  w13.sh  w14.sh                    w14_test2  w16.sh  w18.sh  w2.sh  w4.sh  w6.sh  w8.sh

7.添加一个新组为class1，然后添加属于这个组的50个用户，用户名的形式为stdxx，其中xx从01到50。接下来实现自动删除这50个用户账号中偶数账号的功能，即账号名为std02，std04，std06，std08…stud50都要被删除。

参考代码

#!/bin/bash
#Create a user group name stdXX(01-50),and delete odd one

newgroup="class1"
let members=10

if [ `cat /etc/group |grep class1 |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
        sudo groupadd class1

        echo "You create:"
        for a in `seq -s ' ' -w 1 10`
        do
                sudo useradd -G class1 "std"$a""
                echo "std"$a""
        done
        echo "In group $newgroup"

        read -p "Please make a choice->
                1.Del the even number user
                2.Del the singular number user
                ~.Do nothing
                :" y

        echo  -n "Kepp:"
        for b in `seq -s ' ' -w 1 10`
        do
                numb=`expr ${b:0:1} \* 10 + ${b:1:1}`
                if [ $y = "1" ];then
                        if [ `expr $numb % 2` -eq 0 ];then
                                sudo userdel "std"$b""
                        else
                                echo -n "std"$b" "
                        fi
                elif [ $y = "2" ];then
                        if [ `expr $numb % 2` -ne 0 ];then
                                sudo userdel "std"$b""
                        else
                                echo -n "std"$b" "
                        fi
                else
                        echo -n "std"$b" "
                fi
        done
        echo ""

else
        echo "The group is aready exist"
        read -p "Do you want remove all the newgroup and newuser[y/~] " x
        if [ $x = "y" ];then
                for a in `seq -s ' ' -w 1 10`
                do
                        if [ `cat /etc/passwd |grep "std"$a"" |wc -l` -ne 0 ];then
                                sudo userdel "std"$a""
                        fi
                done
                sudo groupdel class1
                echo "Deleted:group class1" ##
                echo "Deleted:user std01-std10"
        fi
fi

测试

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ ./w15.sh
The group is aready exist
Do you want remove all the newgroup and newuser[y/~] y
Deleted:group class1
Deleted:user std01-std10
tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ ./w15.sh
You create:
std01
std02
std03
std04
std05
std06
std07
std08
std09
std10
In group class1
Please make a choice->
       		1.Del the even number user
	        2.Del the singular number user
		~.Do nothing
		:2
Kepp:std02 std04 std06 std08 std10 
tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$

这次运行选择保留了偶数结尾的用户，查看/etc/passwd验证结果

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ cat /etc/passwd |tail -8
sssd:x:126:131:SSSD system user,,,:/var/lib/sss:/usr/sbin/nologin
tanaocheng:x:1000:1000:TanAocheng,,,:/home/tanaocheng:/bin/bash
systemd-coredump:x:999:999:systemd Core Dumper:/:/usr/sbin/nologin
std02:x:1002:1003::/home/std02:/bin/sh
std04:x:1004:1005::/home/std04:/bin/sh
std06:x:1006:1007::/home/std06:/bin/sh
std08:x:1008:1009::/home/std08:/bin/sh
std10:x:1010:1011::/home/std10:/bin/sh
tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$

8.设计shell程序，在每月第一天压缩并备份/etc目录的所有内容，存放在/root/bak目录里，且文件名以年月日_etc命名，shell程序存放到/usr/bin目录下。

参考代码

#!/bin/bash
#Scheduled backup diretory /etc to /root/bak,and name yymmdd

Source_dir=/etc
Target_dir=/root/bak
Bake_name=$[date +%Y%m%d]_etc.tar.gz

[ -d ${Target_dir} ]||[ mkdir ${Target_dir} ]&&echo "Create ${Target_dir}"

cd $Target_dir $$ tar czvf $Bake_name $Source_dir > ${Target_dir} && echo "Back up success"

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ crontab -e

增加一条定时任务,保存后退出

0 0 1 * * /bin/sh /home/tanaocheng/linuxwork/w16.sh

设置一个定时任务的详细讲解可以参考这篇博客，写地很清楚

使用shell脚本进行每月定时备份数据_Java鱼仔的博客-CSDN博客

出现no crontab for xxx提示的可以参考这篇博客

解决 Linux / Unix – crontab: no crontab for user using an empty one error and solution_Hello_Ray的博客-CSDN博客

9.编写shell，根据Free命令计算内存占用率。

我安装时ubuntu分配的是8G内存，查看某时刻机器内存占用率

参考代码

#!/bin/bash
#According to a command result Free Calculate memory usage

free -m > w17test.txt
str=`cat -n w17test.txt |head -n 2 |tail -n 1`
let i=0
for a in $str
do
        if [ $i -eq 2 ];then
                all=$a
        elif [ $i -eq 3 ];then
                use=$a
        elif [ $i -eq 7 ];then
                nuse=$a

        fi
        let i+=1
done
let data1=$all
let data2=$use
#1
#data3=`echo "scale=2;$data2/$data1*100"|bc`
#2
data3=`echo $data2 $data1|awk '{printf "%.2f",$1/$2*100}'`
echo "availability:${nuse}MB,total:${all}MB. Use rate:$data3%"

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ ./w17.sh
availability:4910MB,total:7810MB. Use rate:26.75%

10.编写shell，根据IP地址列表检查主机状态。

参考代码，假设ip列表是百度与C占

#!/bin/bash
#Check the condition of the host according to Ip address

#echo "`ifconfig`"
##test
testfile=w18_iplist.txt
let i=1
if [ ! -f $testfile ];then
        touch $testfile
        echo "www.baidu.com" &> $testfile ##host1
        echo "www.csdn.net"  &>> $testfile ##host2
fi

for host in `cat $testfile`
do
        #echo $host
        ping -c 2 $host &> /dev/null
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]
        then
                echo "host$i is ok"
        else
                echo "host$i is down"
        fi
        let i+=1
done

测试

tanaocheng@tanaocheng-TUF:~/linuxwork$ ./w18.sh
host1 is ok
host2 is ok

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shell基础实例二

初学shell，给大家分享我的一下我的练习题目，有不对或者写的不好的地方还请大家指出。1.写脚本模拟Linux登录shell。具体为：Login：（输入用户名user）Password：（输入密码123456）如果都输入正确就换行显示：“Both the account and password are right！Login Success！”如果输入错误就换行显示：“Input is error！Login Failed！”参考代码#!/bin/bash#var Login
复制链接

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