【网络安全】网络安全实验5：分析AES算法，并对源码做进一步注释和调试

实验内容：分析AES算法，并对源码做进一步注释和调试
出错位置1：该处出现了字符转化可能会导致数据丢失的错误

解法：经了解，在开头aes.h文件开头处添加”#pragma warning(disable:4244)”语句可强制消除错误。由于实验代码未涉及大数据，强制消除对运行结果无影响。

出错位置2：

解法：强制类型转化为(char *)key

运行结果：

修改后的源码:
aes.h

#ifndef MY_AES_H
#define MY_AES_H
#pragma warning(disable:4244)
/**
 * 参数 p: 明文的字符串数组。
 * 参数 plen: 明文的长度,长度必须为16的倍数。
 * 参数 key: 密钥的字符串数组。
 */
void aes(unsigned char *p, unsigned long plen, unsigned char *key);

/**
 * 参数 c: 密文的字符串数组。
 * 参数 clen: 密文的长度,长度必须为16的倍数。
 * 参数 key: 密钥的字符串数组。
 */
void deAes(unsigned char *c, unsigned long clen, unsigned char *key);
#endif

aec.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "aes.h"

/**
 * S盒
 */
static const unsigned char S[16][16] = { 
    0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76,
    0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59, 0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0,
    0xb7, 0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15,
    0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75,
    0x09, 0x83, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84,
    0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf,
    0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xa8,
    0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2,
    0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x73,
    0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee, 0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb,
    0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79,
    0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08,
    0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a,
    0x70, 0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e,
    0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf,
    0x8c, 0xa1, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x16 };

/**
 * 逆S盒
 */
static const unsigned char S2[16][16] = { 
    0x52, 0x09, 0x6a, 0xd5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xa5, 0x38, 0xbf, 0x40, 0xa3, 0x9e, 0x81, 0xf3, 0xd7, 0xfb,
    0x7c, 0xe3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9b, 0x2f, 0xff, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8e, 0x43, 0x44, 0xc4, 0xde, 0xe9, 0xcb,
    0x54, 0x7b, 0x94, 0x32, 0xa6, 0xc2, 0x23, 0x3d, 0xee, 0x4c, 0x95, 0x0b, 0x42, 0xfa, 0xc3, 0x4e,
    0x08, 0x2e, 0xa1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xd9, 0x24, 0xb2, 0x76, 0x5b, 0xa2, 0x49, 0x6d, 0x8b, 0xd1, 0x25,
    0x72, 0xf8, 0xf6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xd4, 0xa4, 0x5c, 0xcc, 0x5d, 0x65, 0xb6, 0x92,
    0x6c, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xfd, 0xed, 0xb9, 0xda, 0x5e, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xa7, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x84,
    0x90, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x00, 0x8c, 0xbc, 0xd3, 0x0a, 0xf7, 0xe4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xb8, 0xb3, 0x45, 0x06,
    0xd0, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0x8f, 0xca, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0x02, 0xc1, 0xaf, 0xbd, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8a, 0x6b,
    0x3a, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4f, 0x67, 0xdc, 0xea, 0x97, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0xce, 0xf0, 0xb4, 0xe6, 0x73,
    0x96, 0xac, 0x74, 0x22, 0xe7, 0xad, 0x35, 0x85, 0xe2, 0xf9, 0x37, 0xe8, 0x1c, 0x75, 0xdf, 0x6e,
    0x47, 0xf1, 0x1a, 0x71, 0x1d, 0x29, 0xc5, 0x89, 0x6f, 0xb7, 0x62, 0x0e, 0xaa, 0x18, 0xbe, 0x1b,
    0xfc, 0x56, 0x3e, 0x4b, 0xc6, 0xd2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9a, 0xdb, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x78, 0xcd, 0x5a, 0xf4,
    0x1f, 0xdd, 0xa8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xc7, 0x31, 0xb1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xec, 0x5f,
    0x60, 0x51, 0x7f, 0xa9, 0x19, 0xb5, 0x4a, 0x0d, 0x2d, 0xe5, 0x7a, 0x9f, 0x93, 0xc9, 0x9c, 0xef,
    0xa0, 0xe0, 0x3b, 0x4d, 0xae, 0x2a, 0xf5, 0xb0, 0xc8, 0xeb, 0xbb, 0x3c, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61,
    0x17, 0x2b, 0x04, 0x7e, 0xba, 0x77, 0xd6, 0x26, 0xe1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0c, 0x7d };


/**
 * 根据索引，从S盒中获得元素
 */
static int getNumFromSBox(unsigned char index) 
{
    return S[index>>4][index&0x0f];
}

/**
 * 把一个字符转变成4字节整型
 */
static unsigned long getIntFromChar(unsigned char c) 
{
    unsigned long result = (unsigned long) c;
    return result & 0x000000ff;
}

/**
 * 把16个字符转变成4X4的数组，
 * 该矩阵中字节的排列顺序为从上到下，
 * 从左到右依次排列。
 */
static void convertToIntArray(unsigned char *str, unsigned char pa[4][4]) 
{
    unsigned char i,j,k = 0;
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        for(j = 0; j < 4; j++)
            pa[j][i] = str[k++];
}

/**
 * 打印4X4的数组
 */
static void printArray(unsigned char a[4][4]) 
{
    unsigned char i,j;
	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	{
        for(j = 0; j < 4; j++)
            printf("a[%d][%d] = 0x%2.2x ", i, j, a[i][j]);
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n");
}

/**
 * 打印字符串的ASSCI，
 * 以十六进制显示。
 */
static void printASSCI(unsigned char *str, unsigned int len) 
{
    unsigned int i;
    for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
        printf("0x%2.2x ", str[i]);
    printf("\n");
}

/**
 * 把连续的4个字符合并成一个4字节的整型
 */
static unsigned long getWordFromStr(unsigned char *str) 
{
    unsigned char i;
	unsigned long value;
	for(i=0;i<4;i++)
		value=((value<<8)|str[i]);
    return value;
}

/**
 * 把一个4字节的数的第一、二、三、四个字节取出，
 * 入进一个4个元素的整型数组里面。
 */
static void splitIntToArray(unsigned long num, unsigned char array[4]) 
{
    unsigned char i;
	for(i=0;i<4;i++)
		array[i]=((num>>(8*(3-i))) & 0x000000ff);
}

/**
 * 将数组中的元素循环左移step位
 */
static void leftLoop4int(unsigned char array[4], unsigned char step) 
{
    unsigned char i,index,temp[4];
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        temp[i] = array[i];//array复制到temp

    index = step % 4;
	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	{
        array[i] = temp[index++];
        index %= 4;
    }
}

/**
 * 把数组中的第一、二、三和四元素分别作为
 * 4字节整型的第一、二、三和四字节，合并成一个4字节整型
 */
static unsigned long mergeArrayToInt(unsigned char array[4]) 
{
    unsigned char i;
	unsigned long value;
	for(i=0;i<4;i++)
		value=((value<<8)|array[i]);
    return value;
}

/**
 * 常量轮值表
 */
static const unsigned long Rcon[10] = { 
    0x01000000, 0x02000000,
    0x04000000, 0x08000000,
    0x10000000, 0x20000000,
    0x40000000, 0x80000000,
    0x1b000000, 0x36000000 };
/**
 * 密钥扩展中的T函数
 */
static unsigned long T(unsigned long num, unsigned char round) 
{
    unsigned char i,numArray[4];
	unsigned long result;
    splitIntToArray(num, numArray);
    leftLoop4int(numArray, 1);//字循环  
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)//字节代换
        numArray[i] = getNumFromSBox(numArray[i]);
    result = mergeArrayToInt(numArray);
    return result ^ Rcon[round];
}

//密钥对应的扩展数组
static unsigned char w[44];
/**
 * 打印W数组
 */
static void printW() 
{
    unsigned char i, j;
	for(i = 0, j = 1; i < 44; i++,j++)
	{
        printf("w[%d] = 0x%x ", i, w[i]);
        if(j % 4 == 0)
            printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n");
}


/**
 * 扩展密钥，结果是把w[44]中的每个元素初始化
 */
static void extendKey(unsigned char *key) 
{
    int i,j;
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        w[i] = getWordFromStr(key + i * 4);
	for(i = 4, j = 0; i < 44; i++) 
	{
        if( i % 4 == 0) 
		{
            w[i] = w[i - 4] ^ T(w[i - 1], j);
            j++;//下一轮
        }
		else 
            w[i] = w[i - 4] ^ w[i - 1];
    }
}

/**
 * 轮密钥加
 */
static void addRoundKey(unsigned char array[4][4], unsigned char round) 
{
    unsigned char i,j,warray[4];
	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) 
	{
        splitIntToArray(w[ round * 4 + i], warray);
        for(j = 0; j < 4; j++) 
		{
            array[j][i] = array[j][i] ^ warray[j];
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 字节代换
 */
static void subBytes(unsigned char array[4][4])
{
    unsigned char i,j;
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        for(j = 0; j < 4; j++)
            array[i][j] = getNumFromSBox(array[i][j]);
}

/**
 * 行移位
 */
static void shiftRows(unsigned char array[4][4]) 
{
    unsigned char rowTwo[4], rowThree[4], rowFour[4];
    unsigned char i;
	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) 
	{
        rowTwo[i] = array[1][i];
        rowThree[i] = array[2][i];
        rowFour[i] = array[3][i];
    }
    leftLoop4int(rowTwo, 1);
    leftLoop4int(rowThree, 2);
    leftLoop4int(rowFour, 3);
	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) 
	{
        array[1][i] = rowTwo[i];
        array[2][i] = rowThree[i];
        array[3][i] = rowFour[i];
    }
}

/**
 * 列混合要用到的矩阵
 */
static const unsigned char colM[4][4] = { 
	2, 3, 1, 1,
    1, 2, 3, 1,
    1, 1, 2, 3,
    3, 1, 1, 2 };

static unsigned char GFMul2(unsigned char s) 
{
    unsigned char result = s << 1;
	if(s&0x80) //S a7!=0
        result ^= 0x1b;
    return result;
}

static unsigned char GFMul3(unsigned char s) 
{
    return GFMul2(s) ^ s;
}

static unsigned char GFMul4(unsigned char s) 
{
    return GFMul2(GFMul2(s));
}

static unsigned char GFMul8(unsigned char s) 
{
    return GFMul2(GFMul4(s));
}

static unsigned char GFMul9(unsigned char s) 
{
    return GFMul8(s) ^ s;
}

static unsigned char GFMul11(unsigned char s) 
{
    return GFMul9(s) ^ GFMul2(s);
}

static unsigned char GFMul12(unsigned char s) 
{
    return GFMul8(s) ^ GFMul4(s);
}

static unsigned char GFMul13(unsigned char s) 
{
    return GFMul12(s) ^ s;
}

static unsigned char GFMul14(unsigned char s) 
{
    return GFMul12(s) ^ GFMul2(s);
}

/**
 * GF上的二元运算
 */
static unsigned char GFMul(unsigned char n, unsigned char s) 
{
    unsigned char result;

    if(n == 1)
        result = s;
    else if(n == 2)
        result = GFMul2(s);
    else if(n == 3)
        result = GFMul3(s);
    else if(n == 0x9)
        result = GFMul9(s);
    else if(n == 0xb)//11
        result = GFMul11(s);
    else if(n == 0xd)//13
        result = GFMul13(s);
    else if(n == 0xe)//14
        result = GFMul14(s);
    return result;
}
/**
 * 列混合
 */
static void mixColumns(unsigned char array[4][4]) 
{
    unsigned char tempArray[4][4];
    unsigned char i,j;
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        for(j = 0; j < 4; j++)
            tempArray[i][j] = array[i][j];
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        for(j = 0; j < 4; j++)
		{
            array[i][j] = GFMul(colM[i][0],tempArray[0][j]) ^ GFMul(colM[i][1],tempArray[1][j])
                ^ GFMul(colM[i][2],tempArray[2][j]) ^ GFMul(colM[i][3], tempArray[3][j]);
        }
}
/**
 * 把4X4数组转回字符串
 */
static void convertArrayToStr(unsigned char array[4][4], unsigned char *str) 
{
    unsigned char i,j;
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        for(j = 0; j < 4; j++)
            *str++ = array[j][i];
}
/**
 * 检查密钥长度
 */
static unsigned char checkKeyLen(unsigned int len) 
{
    if(len == 16)
        return 1;
    else
        return 0;
}


/**
 * 参数 p: 明文的字符串数组。
 * 参数 plen: 明文的长度。
 * 参数 key: 密钥的字符串数组。
 */
void aes(unsigned char *p, unsigned long plen, unsigned char *key)
{

    unsigned char keylen = strlen((char*)key);
    unsigned char pArray[4][4];//status array
    unsigned char k,i;
	if(plen == 0 || plen % 16 != 0) 
	{
        printf("明文字符长度必须为16的倍数！\n");
        exit(0);
    }
	if(!checkKeyLen(keylen)) 
	{
        printf("密钥字符长度错误！长度必须为16。当前长度为%d\n",keylen);
        exit(0);
    }
    extendKey(key);//扩展密钥
	for(k = 0; k < plen; k += 16) 
	{
        convertToIntArray(p + k, pArray);
        addRoundKey(pArray, 0);//一开始的轮密钥加
        for(i = 1; i < 10; i++)//1-9轮
		{
            subBytes(pArray);//字节代换
            shiftRows(pArray);//行移位
            mixColumns(pArray);//列混合
            addRoundKey(pArray, i);//轮密钥加
        }
		//第10轮（无列混合）
        subBytes(pArray);//字节代换
        shiftRows(pArray);//行移位
        addRoundKey(pArray, 10);//轮密钥加
        convertArrayToStr(pArray, p + k);
    }
}
/**
 * 根据索引从逆S盒中获取值
 */
static unsigned char getNumFromS1Box(unsigned char index) 
{
    return S2[index>>4][index&0x0f];
}
/**
 * 逆字节变换
 */
static void deSubBytes(unsigned char array[4][4]) 
{
    unsigned char i,j;
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        for(j = 0; j < 4; j++)
            array[i][j] = getNumFromS1Box(array[i][j]);
}
/**
 * 把4个元素的数组循环右移step位
 */
static void rightLoop4int(unsigned char array[4], unsigned char step) 
{
    unsigned char temp[4];
    signed char i;
    signed char index;
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        temp[i] = array[i];
    index = step % 4;
    index = 3 - index;
	for(i = 3; i >= 0; i--) 
	{
        array[i] = temp[index];
        index--;
        index = (index == -1) ? 3 : index;
    }
}

/**
 * 逆行移位
 */
static void deShiftRows(unsigned char array[4][4]) 
{
    unsigned char rowTwo[4], rowThree[4], rowFour[4];
    unsigned char i;
	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) 
	{
        rowTwo[i] = array[1][i];
        rowThree[i] = array[2][i];
        rowFour[i] = array[3][i];
    }
    rightLoop4int(rowTwo, 1);
    rightLoop4int(rowThree, 2);
    rightLoop4int(rowFour, 3);
	for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) 
	{
        array[1][i] = rowTwo[i];
        array[2][i] = rowThree[i];
        array[3][i] = rowFour[i];
    }
}
/**
 * 逆列混合用到的矩阵
 */
static const unsigned char deColM[4][4] = { 
    0xe, 0xb, 0xd, 0x9,
    0x9, 0xe, 0xb, 0xd,
    0xd, 0x9, 0xe, 0xb,
    0xb, 0xd, 0x9, 0xe };

/**
 * 逆列混合
 */
static void deMixColumns(unsigned char array[4][4]) 
{
    unsigned char tempArray[4][4];
    unsigned char i,j;
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        for(j = 0; j < 4; j++)
            tempArray[i][j] = array[i][j];

    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        for(j = 0; j < 4; j++)
		{
            array[i][j] = GFMul(deColM[i][0],tempArray[0][j]) ^ GFMul(deColM[i][1],tempArray[1][j]) ^ GFMul(deColM[i][2],tempArray[2][j]) ^ GFMul(deColM[i][3], tempArray[3][j]);
        }
}

/**
 * 把两个4X4数组进行异或
 */
static void addRoundTowArray(unsigned char aArray[4][4],unsigned char bArray[4][4]) 
{
    unsigned char i,j;
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        for(j = 0; j < 4; j++)
            aArray[i][j] = aArray[i][j] ^ bArray[i][j];
}
/**
 * 从4个32位的密钥字中获得4X4数组，
 * 用于进行逆列混合
 */
static void getArrayFrom4W(unsigned char i, unsigned char array[4][4]) 
{
    unsigned char index,j;
    unsigned char colOne[4], colTwo[4], colThree[4], colFour[4];
    index = i * 4;
    splitIntToArray(w[index], colOne);
    splitIntToArray(w[index + 1], colTwo);
    splitIntToArray(w[index + 2], colThree);
    splitIntToArray(w[index + 3], colFour);
	for(j = 0; j < 4; j++)
	{
        array[j][0] = colOne[j];
        array[j][1] = colTwo[j];
        array[j][2] = colThree[j];
        array[j][3] = colFour[j];
    }
}

/**
 * 参数 c: 密文的字符串数组。
 * 参数 clen: 密文的长度。
 * 参数 key: 密钥的字符串数组。
 */
void deAes(unsigned char *c, unsigned long clen, unsigned char *key) 
{
    unsigned char cArray[4][4];
    unsigned char keylen,k;
	
    keylen = strlen((char *)key);
	if(clen == 0 || clen % 16 != 0) 
	{
        printf("密文字符长度必须为16的倍数！现在的长度为%d\n",clen);
        exit(0);
    }
	if(!checkKeyLen(keylen)) 
	{
        printf("密钥字符长度错误！长度必须为16、24和32。当前长度为%d\n",keylen);
        exit(0);
	}
    extendKey(key);//扩展密钥
	for(k = 0; k < clen; k += 16) 
	{
        unsigned char i;
        unsigned char wArray[4][4];
        convertToIntArray(c + k, cArray);
        addRoundKey(cArray, 10);
        for(i = 9; i >= 1; i--) 
		{
            deSubBytes(cArray);
            deShiftRows(cArray);
            deMixColumns(cArray);
            getArrayFrom4W(i, wArray);
            deMixColumns(wArray);
            addRoundTowArray(cArray, wArray);
        }
        deSubBytes(cArray);
        deShiftRows(cArray);
        addRoundKey(cArray, 0);
        convertArrayToStr(cArray, c + k);
    }
}

test.c

/**************
CRC32 model:
Name     : "CRC32"
Width    : 32
Poly     : 04C11DB7
Init     : FFFFFFFF
RefIn    : True
RefOut   : True
Check    : CBF43926
**************/
/******************************Test*******************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "aes.h"

 unsigned char DataBuf[16]={0x61,0x62,0x63,0x64,0x65,0x66,0x67,0x68,0x69,0x6a,0x6b,0x6c,0x6d,0x6e,0x6f,0x70};
unsigned char CDataBuf[16]={0xa3,0x33,0xfc,0xd9,0x57,0xcd,0x78,0xad,0x19,0x1b,0x88,0xff,0x28,0x16,0xef,0xcd};
unsigned char KEY[17]={0xD0,0x94,0x3F,0x8C,0x29,0x76,0x15,0xD8,0x20,0x40,0xE3,0x27,0x45,0xD8,0x48,0xAD,0};

/************************主函数*********************************/
void  main (void)
{
	unsigned char i;
	/*
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
		printf("0x%2.2x ",DataBuf[i]);
	printf("\n");
	aes(DataBuf,16,KEY);
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
		printf("0x%2.2x ",DataBuf[i]);
	printf("\n");
	printf("\n");*/
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
		printf("0x%2.2x ",CDataBuf[i]);
	printf("\n");
	deAes(CDataBuf,16,KEY);
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
		printf("0x%2.2x ",CDataBuf[i]);
	printf("\n");
	scanf("%c",&i);
	
}

/************************End************************************/