2021-08-27 机器学习数据分析-matplotlib常用功能

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
x=range(2,26,2)
y=[15,13,14.5,17,20,25,26,26,27,22,18,15]
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.xticks(x)
plt.yticks(y)
plt.show()

matplotlib折线图label、字体、图例、线型

import random
import matplotlib
from matplotlib import font_manager
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8))
x=range(120)

random.seed(10)
y=[random.uniform(20,35) for i in range(120)]

plt.plot(x,y,color='r',linestyle='-.',label='hei')
plt.legend(loc="upper left")
'''loc参数
best
	upper right
	upper left
	lower left
	lower right
	right
	center left
	center right
	lower center
	upper center
	center
'''
#红色r，绿色g,蓝色b，白色w,黄色y，黑色k
#-实线、--虚线、-.点划线、:虚线
plt.xlabel("时间")
plt.ylabel("温度")
plt.title("图标名称")
_x_ticks = ["10点{}分".format(i) for i in x if i<60]
_x_ticks += ["11点{}分".format(i) for i in x if i>60]

plt.xticks(x[::5],_x_ticks[::5],rotation=90)

plt.show()

matplotlib的散点图

import matplotlib
from matplotlib import font_manager
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=100)

xa=range(1,32)
xb=range(41,72)

ya = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
yb = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]

#调整刻度
_x=list(xa)+list(xb)
x_ticks=["3月{}日".format(i) for i in xa]
x_ticks+=["5月{}日".format(i-40) for i in xb]
# print(_x)
# print(x_ticks)

plt.xticks(_x[::3],x_ticks[::3],rotation=45,fontproperties=zh_font)

plt.scatter(xa,ya,color='r')
plt.scatter(xb,yb,color='b')

plt.show()

条形图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

plt.figure(figsize=(10,8),dpi=100)

a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]
b = [56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]

_x=range(len(a))
plt.bar(_x,b,width=0.8,color="blue")

#刻度
plt.xticks(_x,a,rotation=90)

plt.show()

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]

bar_width = 0.3

x_14 = list(range(len(a)))
x_15 =  [i+bar_width for i in x_14]
x_16 = [i+bar_width*2 for i in x_14]

#设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=100)

plt.bar(range(len(a)),b_14,width=bar_width,label="9月14日")
plt.bar(x_15,b_15,width=bar_width,label="9月15日")
plt.bar(x_16,b_16,width=bar_width,label="9月16日")

#设置图例
plt.legend(fontsize=26)

#设置x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(x_15,a,fontsize=26)
plt.yticks(fontsize=26)
plt.grid(True)
plt.savefig("三个柱状图.png")

plt.show()

直方图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

a=[131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117,  86,  95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,  99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137,  92,121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]

#计算组数
d = 3  #组距
num_bins = (max(a)-min(a))//d
print("max-a:{},mim-a:{},差值：{}".format(max(a),min(a),max(a)-min(a)))
print("组数：",num_bins)


#设置图形的大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
plt.hist(a,num_bins,density=True,stacked=True)

#设置x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+d,d))

plt.grid(color='r',linestyle='--')
plt.savefig("直方图.png")

plt.show()

max-a:156,mim-a:78,差值：78
组数： 26