网络编程

重点：面试题

TCP和UDP的区别？
TCP 面向连接的 、可靠的、安全的传输协议
UDP 非面向连接 不安全 不可靠的传输协议
TCP协议三次握手 四次挥手

TCP 协议三次握手 四次挥手:请参考牛客网面试宝典中的面试题–>牛客网面试宝典

1 IP地址的组成

IP:192.168.10.2，网络地址就是：192.1.168.10.0，为C类

DNS: Domain Name System 域名解析系统

2 网络通信协议

3. Socket（套节字）

4 .基于TCP协议的Socket编程

TCP协议：传输控制协议（TCP，Transmission Control Protocol）是一种面向连接的、可靠的、基于字节流的传输层通信协议

代码示例：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
*客户端
*/
public class Client {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		System.out.println("客户端启动了。。。");
		    // 发送
			Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",8899);
			
			OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
			
			String str = "你好，服务器,吃饭了吗？";
			
			byte[] bytes = str.getBytes();
			
			os.write(bytes);
			
			socket.shutdownOutput();
			
			
			
			// 接收
			InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
			
			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
			
			String readLine = br.readLine();
			
			System.out.println("客户端接收到的信息：" + readLine);
			
			socket.shutdownInput();
	}

}

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class Server {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
		System.out.println("服务器启动了。。。。。。。。。。。。");
		// 接收
		ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8899);
		
		Socket socket = server.accept();
		
		InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
		
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
		
		String readLine = br.readLine();
		
		System.out.println("服务器端接收到的信息：" + readLine);
		
		socket.shutdownInput();
        // 发送
		OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
		
		os.write("吃过了".getBytes());
		
		socket.shutdownOutput();
	}
}

5、UDP 用户数据报(报文)协议

> UDP 非面向连接 不安全 不可靠的传输协议

代码示例：

/**
 * 	UDP  用户数据报(报文)协议	
 * 	UDP 非面向连接 不安全 不可靠的传输协议
 * @author WHD
 *客户端
 */
public class Client {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println("客户端开始连接………………");
		String message = "hello，服务器";
		byte [] data = message.getBytes();
		InetAddress localHost;
		try {
			// 发送
			localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
			DatagramPacket sendDP = new DatagramPacket(data, data.length, localHost, 8899);
			DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
			socket.send(sendDP);
			
			// 接收
			byte [] bag = new byte[1024];
			DatagramPacket receiveDP = new DatagramPacket(bag, bag.length);
			socket.receive(receiveDP); // 接收服务器发送的报文 此时数据已经存在receiveDP对象中 
			System.out.println(new String(receiveDP.getData(),0,receiveDP.getData().length));
			
			
			
			
		} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SocketException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

/**
 * 	服务器
 * @author WHD
 *
 */
public class Server {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println("服务器启动………………");
		try {
			// 接收
			DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8899);
			byte [] bag = new byte[1024];
			DatagramPacket receiveDP = new DatagramPacket(bag, bag.length);
			socket.receive(receiveDP);
			System.out.println(new String(receiveDP.getData(),0,receiveDP.getData().length));
			 
			
			// 发送
			String message = "你也hello啊";
			byte [] sendBag = message.getBytes();
			
			SocketAddress address = receiveDP.getSocketAddress();
			DatagramPacket sendDP = new DatagramPacket(sendBag, sendBag.length, address);
			socket.send(sendDP);
		} catch (SocketException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}