python基础：四，if语句

# 5.1 一个简单的示例

cars = ['auti','bmw','subaru','toyota']  #bmw全大写，其他首字母大写

for car in cars:
    if car == 'bmw':
        print(car.upper())
    else:
        print(car.title())

#  5.2 条件测试


True False

## 5.2.1 检查是否相等

car = 'bmw'
car == 'bmw'

car = 'audi'
car == 'bmw'

## 5.2.2 检查是否相等时忽略大小写 

car = 'Audi'
car == "audi"

car = 'Audi'
car.lower() == 'audi'  #变为小写,lower不会去改变值，暂时修改
car

## 5.2.3 检查是否不相等
要判断两个值是否不相等，可结合使用惊叹号和等号！=

requested_topping = 'mushrooms'
if requested_topping != 'anchovies':
    print("Hold the anchovies!")

## 5.2.4 数值比较

age = 18
age == 18

answer = 17
if answer != 42:
    print("asx")

age = 19
age < 21

age = 19
age <= 21

age = 19
age > 21

## 5.2.5 检查多个条件

### 1，使用and检查多个条件

age_0 = 22
age_1 = 18

age_0 >= 21 and age_1 >=21

age_0 = 22
age_1 = 23

(age_0 >= 21) and (age_1 >=21)

### 2，使用or检查多个条件

age_0 = 22
age_1 = 18

age_0 >= 21 or age_1 >=21

age_0 = 22
age_1 = 18

age_0 = 18

age_0 >= 21 or age_1 >=21

## 5.2.6 检查特定值是否包含在列表中  in

requested_toppings = ['mushrooms','onions','pineapple']
'mushrooms' in requested_toppings

'dgd' in requested_toppings

##  5.2.7 检查特定值是否不包含在列表中   not in

banned_users = ['andrew','carolina','david']

user = 'marie'
if user not in banned_users:
    print(f"{user.title()},you can post a response if you can")

## 5.2.8 布尔表达式

game_active = True
can_edit  = False

# 5.3 if 语句

## 5.3.1 简单的if语句

if conditional_text:
    do something

如果年龄大于等于18，打印:
You are old enough to vote!

age = 19

if age >= 18 :
    print("You are old enough to vote!")

如果年龄大于等于18，打印:
You are old enough to vote!
Have you registered to vote yet?

age = 19

if age >= 18 :
    print("You are old enough to vote!")
    print("\nHave you registered to vote yet?")

## 5.3.2 if-else 语句

如果年龄大于等于18，打印:
You are old enough to vote!
Have you registered to vote yet?

如果年龄小于18，打印：
Sorry,you are too young to vote.
Please register to vote as soon as you turn 18!

age = 17

if age >= 18 :
    print("You are old enough to vote!")
    print("\nHave you registered to vote yet?")
else:
    print("Sorry,you are too young to vote.\nPlease register to vote as soon as you turn 18!")

## 5.3.3 if-elif-else 结构

根据年龄段收费的游乐场：
4岁以下免费；
4~18岁收费25美元；$
18岁（含）以上收费40美元

age  = 12
if age < 4:
    print("You admission cost is $0.")
elif age <18:
    print("You admission cost is $25.")
else:
    print("You admission cost is $40.")

age  = 12
if age < 4:
    price = 0
elif age <18:
       price = 25
else:
       price=40
print(f"You admission cost is ${price}")

## 5.3.4 使用多个elif 代码块



假设前述游乐场要给老人打折，可再添加一个测试条件，判断顾客是否符合打折条件：
下面假设对于65岁（含）以上的老人，可半价（即20美元）购买门票

根据年龄段收费的游乐场：
4岁以下免费；
4~18岁收费25美元；$
18岁（含）以上收费40美元
65岁（含）以上收费20美元

age  = 75
if age < 4:
    price = 0
elif age <18:
    price = 25
elif age <65 :
    price = 40
else:
    price = 20
print(f"You admission cost is ${price}")

## 5.3.5 省略else代码块

age  = 75
if age < 4:
    price = 0
elif age <18:
    price = 25
elif age <65 :
    price = 40
price = 20
print(f"You admission cost is ${price}")

## 5.3.6 测试多个条件



# 5.4 使用if语句处理列表

## 5.4.1 检查特殊元素

披萨配料：mushrooms,'gree peppers','extra cheese
使用for 语句循环告诉用户需要陆续添加到披萨的3种配料才能完成披萨制作
Adding xx配料
Adding xx配料
Adding xx配料

完成你的披萨啦！

requested_toppings = ['mushrooms','gree peppers','extra cheese']
for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
    print(f"Adding {requested_topping}.")
print("\n完成你的披萨啦!")

青椒用完了，告诉用户不能添加青椒的原因

requested_toppings = ['mushrooms','gree peppers','extra cheese']
for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
    if requested_topping == "gree peppers":
        print("Sorry,we are out of gree peppers ! ")
    else:
        print(f"Adding {requested_topping}.")
print("\n完成你的披萨啦!")

## 5.4.2 确定列表不是空的

在制作披萨前检查顾客点的配料列表是否为空。
如果列表为空，就像顾客确认是否要点原味披萨
如果列表不为空，就像前面的示例那样制作披萨

requested_toppings = []

if requested_toppings:   #列表为空，返回false;有一个元素返回True
    for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
        print(f"Adding {requested_topping}.")
    print("\n完成你的披萨啦!")
else:
    print("Are you sure you want a plaint pazza ?")

## 5.4.3 使用多个列表

available_topping  = ['mushrooms','gree peppers','extra cheese',
                     'pepperoni','pineapple','extra cheese']

requested_toppings = ['mushrooms','french ','extra cheese']

for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
    if requested_topping in available_topping:   #循环检查点单是否都在库存里面
        print(f"Adding {requested_topping}.")
    else:
        print(f"Sorry,we are out of {requested_topping} ! ")
print("\n完成你的披萨啦!")

# 5.5 设置if语句格式