python基础：三，操作列表

# 4.1 遍历整个列表
#### 任务：把魔术师名单中每个名字打印出来
#### 魔术师名单 = ['alice','david','carolina']

magicians = ['alice','david','carolina']
for magician in magicians:
    print(magician)

## 4.1.1 深入研究循环

magicians = ['alice','david','carolina']
for magician in magicians:
    print(magician)

## 4.1.2 在for循环中执行更多操作


任务：打印出
Alice,that was a great trick!
David,that was a great trick!
Carolina,that was a great trick!
使用for循环+字符串+title()

magicians = ['alice','david','carolina']
for magician in magicians:
    print(f"{magician.title()},that was a great trick!")

任务：打印出
Alice,that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick,Alice.

David,that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick,David.

Carolina,that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick,Carolina.

magicians = ['alice','david','carolina']
for magician in magicians:
    print(f"{magician.title()},that was a great trick!")
    print(f"I can't wait to see your next trick,{magician.title()}.\n")

## 4.1.3 在for循环结束后执行一些操作

任务：打印出
Alice,that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick,Alice.

David,that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick,David.

Carolina,that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick,Carolina.

Thank you,everyone.That was a great magic show!

magicians = ['alice','david','carolina']
for magician in magicians:
    print(f"{magician.title()},that was a great trick!")
    print(f"I can't wait to see your next trick,{magician.title()}.\n")
print("Thank you,everyone.That was a great magic show!")

## 4.2 避免缩进错误

### 4.2.1 忘记缩进

magicians = ['alice','david','carolina']
for magician in magicians:
print(magician)

magicians = ['alice','david','carolina']
for magician in magicians:
    print(magician)

### 4.2.2 忘记缩进额外的代码行

magicians = ['alice','david','carolina']
for magician in magicians:
    print(f"{magician.title()},that was a great trick!")
print(f"I can't wait to see your next trick,{magician.title()}.\n")

magicians = ['alice','david','carolina']
for magician in magicians:
    print(f"{magician.title()},that was a great trick!")
    print(f"I can't wait to see your next trick,{magician.title()}.\n")

### 4.2.3 不必要的缩进

message = "Hello py"
    print(message)

message = "Hello py"
print(message)

### 4.2.4 循环后不必要的缩进



### 4.2.5 遗漏了冒号

magicians = ['alice','david','carolina']
for magician in magicians
    print(f"{magician.title()},that was a great trick!")

magicians = ['alice','david','carolina']
for magician in magicians:
    print(f"{magician.title()},that was a great trick!")

# 4.3 创建数值列表

## 4.3.1 range()  和list()

range(x) = range(0,x)
range(x,y)
range(x,y,z)

list(range(6))

list(range(0,6))

list(range(1,6))

list(range(0,6,2))  #步长为1，间隔为1

list(range(0,6,1))

## 4.3.2  使用range() 创建数字列表

list(range(0,6))

number = list(range(0,6))
print(number)

任务：打印1~10的偶数，步长为2
[2,4,6,8,10]

even_numbers = list(range(2,11,2))
print(even_numbers)

任务：打印1~10的奇数，步长为2

odd_numbers = list(range(1,11,2))
print(odd_numbers)

任务：创建一个列表，包含1~10的平方

squares = []
for value in range(1,11):
    square = value**2
    squares.append(square)
print(squares)

squares = []
for value in range(1,11):
    squares.append(value**2)
print(squares)

## 4.3.3 对数字列表执行简单的统计计算
找出数字列表中的最大值，最小值，总和

digits = [1,2,3,45,67,89,0,2]
max(digits)

min(digits)

sum(digits)

## 4.3.4 列表解析

squares = []
for value in range(1,11):
    square = value**2
    squares.append(square)
print(squares)

squares = []
for value in range(1,11):
    squares.append(value**2)
print(squares)

squares = [value**2 for value in range(1,11)]   #列表解析
print(squares)

## 4.4 使用列表的一部分

### 4.4.1 切片

players = ['charles','martina','michael','florence','eli']

打印列表的第一个元素（索引0）

players = ['charles','martina','michael','florence','eli']
print(players[0])

打印列表的第1,2,3个元素（索引0,1,2）

players = ['charles','martina','michael','florence','eli']
print(players[0:3])     #左闭右开

打印列表的第2,3,4个元素（索引1,2,3）

players = ['charles','martina','michael','florence','eli']
print(players[1:4])         #左闭右开

打印列表的第1,2,3,4个元素（索引0,1,2,3）

players = ['charles','martina','michael','florence','eli']
print(players[:4])    #省略开始索引

打印列表的第3，4，5个元素（索引2，3，4）

players = ['charles','martina','michael','florence','eli']
print(players[2:])    #省略终止索引

打印列表的最后3个元素（负数索引）

players = ['charles','martina','michael','florence','eli']
print(players[-3:])    #返回列表末尾相应距离的元素

让python每隔2个元素就提取1个

players = ['charles','martina','michael','florence','eli']
print(players[1:4]) 

players = ['charles','martina','michael','florence','eli']
print(players[1:4:1])

players = ['charles','martina','michael','florence','eli']
print(players[0:4:2])

## 4.4.2 遍历切片

任务：打印出以下结果
Here are the first three players on my team:
Charless
Martina
Michael

players = ['charles','martina','michael','florence','eli']
print("Here are the first three players on my team:")
for player in players[:3]:   #索引切片内容
    print(player.title())

players = ['charles','martina','michael','florence','eli']
print("Here are the first three players on my team:")
for player in players[0:3]:   #索引切片内容
    print(player.title())

## 4.4.3 复制列表


my_foods = ['pizza','falafel','carrot cake']
friend_foods = my_foods[:]  #切片进行复制

print("My favorite foods are:")
print(my_foods)

print("\nMy friend's favorite foods are:")
print(friend_foods)

my_foods = ['pizza','falafel','carrot cake']
friend_foods = my_foods[:]  #切片进行复制

my_foods.append("cannoli")
friend_foods.append("ice cream")  #分别进行新增值

print("My favorite foods are:")
print(my_foods)

print("\nMy friend's favorite foods are:")
print(friend_foods)

my_foods = ['pizza','falafel','carrot cake']
friend_foods = my_foods            #这行不通，两个列表完全相等。只能进行切片的复制

my_foods.append("cannoli")
friend_foods.append("ice cream")  #分别进行新增值

print("My favorite foods are:")
print(my_foods)

print("\nMy friend's favorite foods are:")
print(friend_foods)

# 4.5 元组

## 4.5.1 定义元组--不可变的列表  ()

dimensions = (200,50)
print(dimensions[0])
print(dimensions[1])

dimensions = (200,)   #元组里面可以只有一个元素,
print(dimensions[0])


dimensions = (200,50)   
dimensions[0] = 250   #元组不能修改

## 4.5.2 遍历元组中的所有值

dimensions = (200,50)  
for dimension in dimensions:
    print(dimension)

## 4.5.3 修改元组变量

dimensions = (200,50)  
print("Original dimensions:")
for dimension in dimensions:
    print(dimension)
    
dimensions = (400,100)    #修改元组的变量
print("\nModified dimensions:")
for dimension in dimensions:
    print(dimension)