小白开发程序之路（4-2-1）Fragment(一)

概述

1.Fragment有自己的生命周期
2.Fragment依赖于Activity
3.Fragment通过getActivity()可获取所在的Activity；Activity通过FagmentManger的findFragmentById()或findFragmentByTag()获取Fragment
4.Fragment与Activity是多对多的关系
5.加载Fragment时记得commit函数

代码

ContainerActivity.java

package com.example.myapplication.fragment;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import com.example.myapplication.R;

public class ContainerActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private AFragment aFragment;
    private BFragment bFragment;
    private Button mBtnChange;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_container);
        mBtnChange=findViewById(R.id.btn_change);
        mBtnChange.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                if (bFragment==null)
                    bFragment=new BFragment();
                getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fl_container,bFragment).commitAllowingStateLoss();
                //记得加commit！！
            }
        });

        //实例化
        aFragment=new AFragment();
        //把AFragment添加到Activity中指定位置,记得调用commit
        getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(R.id.fl_container,aFragment).commitAllowingStateLoss();
        //新版本使用getSupportFragmentManager()方法
    }
}

activity_container.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_change"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:text="更换Fragment"/>
    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/fl_container"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:layout_below="@+id/btn_change"/>

</RelativeLayout>

AFragment.java

package com.example.myapplication.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import com.example.myapplication.R;

public class AFragment extends Fragment {
    private TextView mTvTitle;
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        //创建时
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_a,container,false);
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        //当View创建完时
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
        mTvTitle=view.findViewById(R.id.tv_title);

    }
}

fragment_a.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:gravity="center">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_title"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textColor="@color/colorBlack"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:text="我是AFragment"
        android:gravity="center"/>

</LinearLayout>

BFragment.java

package com.example.myapplication.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import com.example.myapplication.R;

public class BFragment extends Fragment {
    private TextView mTvTitle;
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        //创建时
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_b,container,false);
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        //当View创建完时
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
        mTvTitle=view.findViewById(R.id.tv_title);

    }
}

fragment_b.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:gravity="center">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_title"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textColor="@color/colorBlack"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:text="我是BFragment"
        android:gravity="center"/>

</LinearLayout>