网络编程
文章目录
ip地址:网络上的唯一标识
ip的组成:32位组成,由4个8位二进制(每一位最大值是255,每一位十进制标识0-255)
192.168.1.100 | |
---|---|
11000000.10101000.00000001.01100100 | 二级制不容易记忆,改成是十进制 |
协议:为了让网络中不同计算机之间能够相互通信而简历的规则、标准、约定
TCP协议
面向连接、可靠的(不丢失、不重复、有序)、基于字节流的传输通信协议。(传输速度相对慢)
UDP协议
无连接的协议。在传输数据之前。客户端和服务器之间不建立和维护链接。提供不可靠的数据传输(速度快)
socket(套接字)
基于TCP协议的网络通信,可以提供双向安全的网络通信。
socket需要借助于数据流(字节流)来完成数据的传递工作:重点
- 发送数据:OutputStream
- 接收数据:InputStream
TCP案例模板:
1.客户端建立链接、服务端准备服务(ip(可省略)、端口)
本机默认ip:127.0.0.1/localhost
2.通过socket生成InputStream/OutputStream(准备发送数据)
3.使用InputStream/OutputStream进行发送、接收数据
4.关闭InputStream/OutputStream、socket
服务端(ServerSocket)
package demo01;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class MyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 1.准备服务.ip:默认本机127.0.0.1,端口8888
ServerSocket serverSocket = null ;
Socket socket = null ;
InputStream in = null ;
BufferedReader reader = null ;
OutputStream out = null ;
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888) ;
System.out.println("服务器启动");
//准备完毕,可以监听客户端请求
socket = serverSocket.accept();//一直阻塞,直到有客户端连接
System.out.println("服务端检测到客户端连接成功!");
// 2.通过socket生成inputstream/outputstream(准备发送数据)
//3.使用inputstream/outputstream进行发送、接受数据
in = socket.getInputStream();
//带缓冲区的字符流(字节流-转换流-字符流)
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String info = null ;
while( (info=reader.readLine()) != null ){
System.out.println("I am server,接受到客户端信息是:" + info);
socket.shutdownInput();
//服务端做出反馈
out = socket.getOutputStream();
out.write("welcome client....".getBytes());
socket.shutdownOutput();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
// 4.关闭inputstream/outputstream、socket
if(reader !=null) reader.close();
if(out !=null) out.close();
if(in !=null) in.close();
if(socket !=null) socket.close();
if(serverSocket !=null) serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
客户端(Socket)
package demo01;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.Socket;
/*
* Created by 颜群
*/
public class MyClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null ;
OutputStream out = null ;
InputStream in = null ;
BufferedReader reader = null ;
try {
socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",8888);
System.out.println("客户端链接成功!");
out = socket.getOutputStream();
out.write( "hello server".getBytes() );
socket.shutdownOutput();
//接收服务端的反馈
in = socket.getInputStream();
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String info = null;
while( (info=reader.readLine()) != null ){
System.out.println("I am client,接收到的服务端消息:"+info);
}
socket.shutdownInput();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(out!=null) out.close();
if(in!=null) in.close();
if(socket!=null) socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
对象流
网络传递一个对象:
1.将要传递的对象序列化 (对象implements Serializable)
2.使用对象流(ObjectInputSream\ObiectOutputStream)
要传递的对象
package Demo02;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Student implements Serializable {
private int sid;
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
}
public Student(int sid, String name, int age) {
this.sid = sid;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public int getSid() {
return sid;
}
public void setSid(int sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"sid=" + sid +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
服务端
package Demo02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class MyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream in = null;
ObjectInputStream ois = null;
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//收客户端发来的对象
in = socket.getInputStream();
//包装
ois = new ObjectInputStream(in);
try {
Student student = (Student) ois.readObject();
System.out.println(student);
socket.shutdownInput();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (ois != null) ois.close();
if (in != null) in.close();
if (socket != null) socket.close();
if (serverSocket != null) serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
客户端
package Demo02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
public class MyClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream out = null;
ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
try {
socket = new Socket("localhost", 8888);
Student student = new Student(1001, "zs", 23);
out = socket.getOutputStream();
//将输出流编程对象流.装饰模式
oos = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
oos.writeObject(student);
socket.shutdownOutput();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (oos != null) oos.close();
if (out != null) out.close();
if (socket != null) socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
处理多用户问题
思路:
客户端:代码不变
服务端:每当有一个客户端,就开启一个新线程去处理(每个线程专门处理一个客户端对象)
要传递的对象
package Demo03;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Student implements Serializable {
private int sid;
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
}
public Student(int sid, String name, int age) {
this.sid = sid;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public int getSid() {
return sid;
}
public void setSid(int sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"sid=" + sid +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
服务端
package Demo03;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class Myserver {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
while(true) {
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
ServerThread serverThread = new ServerThread(socket);
serverThread.start();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
服务端线程
package Demo03;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
public class ServerThread extends Thread{
Socket socket ;
public ServerThread(Socket socket){
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
InputStream in =null;
ObjectInputStream ois = null;
OutputStream out =null;
//接收客户端数据
try {
in = socket.getInputStream();
//装饰模式
ois = new ObjectInputStream(in);
Object student = (Student)ois.readObject();
System.out.println(student);
socket.shutdownInput();
//返回文字
out = socket.getOutputStream();
out.write("已经收到".getBytes());
} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
out.close();
ois.close();
in.close();
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
客户端
package Demo03;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
public class MyClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream out = null;
ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
try {
socket = new Socket("localhost", 8888);
Student student = new Student(1001, "zs", 23);
out = socket.getOutputStream();
//将输出流编程对象流.装饰模式
oos = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
oos.writeObject(student);
socket.shutdownOutput();
InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[100];
in.read(buf);
System.out.println("接收到服务端返葵"+new String(buf));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (oos != null) oos.close();
if (out != null) out.close();
if (socket != null) socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
UDP案例模板
DatagramPacket(数据):封装了数据报、数据长度、目标地址和目标端口
DatagramSocket(收发器):接收和DatapramPacket中封装好的数据
发送
package Demo04;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
/*
* Created by 颜群
*/
public class Send {
public static void main(String[] args) {
DatagramSocket ds = null ;
//创建一个InetAddress对象
InetAddress ip = null ;
try {
ip = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
String msg = "helloserver.." ;
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),msg.length(),ip,9999) ;
ds = new DatagramSocket() ;
ds.send( dp );
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
ds.close();
}
}
}
接收
package Demo04;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class Receive {
public static void main(String[] args) {
byte[] data = new byte[64];
//准备接受数据的对象
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(data, data.length);
DatagramSocket ds =null;
//接收数据
try {
ds = new DatagramSocket(9999);
ds.receive(dp);
//显示接收数据
String s = new String(dp.getData(),0, data.length);
System.out.println("接收到的数据"+s);
System.out.println("显示发送方的信息"+dp.getAddress().getHostAddress());
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
ds.close();
}
}
}
总结:发送数据使用的工具
tcp:字节流
udp:DatagramScoket
网络编程中一些工具类
InetAddress
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetAddress host = null;
try {
//本机
host = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(host);
//网络中任意一台
InetAddress host163 = InetAddress.getByName("www.163.com");
System.out.println(host163);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
URL /URLConnection
以下示例,注意点:输入流 url-内存; 输出流:内存-本地
package demo05;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
/*
* Created by 颜群
*/
public class URLDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InputStream in = null ;
URLConnection urlConnection = null;
OutputStream out = null ;
try {
URL url = new URL("https://www.163.com/") ;
urlConnection = url.openConnection();
in = urlConnection.getInputStream();
out = new FileOutputStream("d:\\163.txt");
byte[] buf = new byte[64] ;
int len = -1 ;
while( (len = in.read(buf)) != -1 ){
out.write(buf,0,len);
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(out!=null) out.close();
if(in!=null) in.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}