python __add__

class Try_int(int):
    def __add__(self, other):
        print(self,other)
        return int(self) + int(other)
a = Try_int(1)
b = Try_int(3)
print(a + b)

输出为：

1 3
4

可见a为self，b为other

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我们也可以自己定义一个类

class Try_int(int):
    def __add__(self, other):
        print(self,other)
        return int(self) - int(other)
a = Try_int(1)
b = Try_int(3)
print(a + b)

上述代码就等同于：

class Try_int(int):
    def __sub__(self, other):
        print(self,other)
        return int(self) - int(other)
a = Try_int(1)
b = Try_int(3)
print(a - b)

我们定义的这个类就是来控制这个“-”，“+”是用来做什么的，就像上面明明是__add__函数，而我们却让他输出了self与other的差。
return后面很关键。为什么要加int呢？是为了避免陷入无限递归。如下：

class Try_int(int):
    def __add__(self, other):
        print(self,other)
        return self + other
a = Try_int(1)
b = Try_int(3)
print(a + b)

大家可以运行一下，

1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
#此处省略好多个1,3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/top/PycharmProjects/untitled4/venv/a_5.py", line 7, in <module>
    print(a + b)
  File "C:/Users/top/PycharmProjects/untitled4/venv/a_5.py", line 4, in __add__
    return self + other
  File "C:/Users/top/PycharmProjects/untitled4/venv/a_5.py", line 4, in __add__
    return self + other
  File "C:/Users/top/PycharmProjects/untitled4/venv/a_5.py", line 4, in __add__
    return self + other
  [Previous line repeated 992 more times]
  File "C:/Users/top/PycharmProjects/untitled4/venv/a_5.py", line 3, in __add__
    print(self,other)
RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object

return self + other就是返回对象本身加另外一个对象，再次调用__add__,陷入无限递归。