python--数据可视化

柱状图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

name_list =["Monday","Tuesday","Friday","Sunday"]
num_list = [1.5,0.6,7.8,6]
num_list2=[1,2,3,1]

x = list(range(len(num_list)))

total_width = 0.8
n=2
width = total_width/n

plt.bar(x, num_list, width = width, label = "boys")

for i in range(len(x)) :
    x[i] = x[i]+width

plt.bar(x, num_list2, width = width, label = "girls", tick_label = name_list)
plt.legend(loc="best")
plt.show()

饼状图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei']  #用来正常显示中文标签

labels = 'A','B','C','D'
sizes = [10,20,30,40]
explode = (0,0.2,0,0)
color = ['r','g','b','c']

#plt.pie(sizes, labels = labels,explode = explode,colors = color, autopct = '%1.1f')
plt.pie(sizes, labels = labels,explode = explode,colors = color, autopct = '%1.2f%%')
plt.title('简单饼状图')
plt.legend(loc ="upper right",fontsize = 8, borderaxespad = 0.3)
plt.show()

雷达图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

theta = np.array([0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 0.25]) # theta定义了一个np.array数组存储多个数据 
r = [75,60,50,70,50,85,45,70,75]
# 闭合（两组数据相同）

plt.polar(theta*np.pi,r,'ro-',lw = 2)
plt.fill(theta*np.pi,r,facecolor='r',alpha=0.5)  #填充
plt.ylim(0,100)
plt.show()

雷达图实例

#    1.导入扩展库；
     2.准备数据；  
 	 3.等分圆，曲线闭合（最后一个数据与第一个重合； （重点）
     4.绘图；
     5.设置标签；
     6.填充雷达图。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

courses = ['C++','python','高等数学','大学英语','软件工程','组成原理','操作系统','网络工程']
scorse = [82, 95, 72, 85, 45, 58, 65, 86]

datalength = len(scorse)

angles = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, datalength, endpoint=False)
scorse.append(scorse[0])
angles = np.append(angles,angles[0])

plt.polar(angles, scorse, 'rv--', lw = 2)

plt.thetagrids(angles*180/np.pi, courses, fontproperties = 'simhei')

plt.fill(angles,scorse,facecolor = 'r',alpha = 0.4)

plt.show()

1.linspace（x, y）产生一个有100个元素的行向量，其中的元素在区间[x, y]中等间隔分布。
2.linspace（x, y, n）产生x和y之间等间隔的n个数，如果n = 1，返回结果为y。

3D折线图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

#测试数据
theta = np.linspace(-4 * np.pi, 4*np.pi, 100)
z = np.linspace(-4, 4, 100)*0.3
r = z**4 + 1
x = r*np.sin(theta)
y = r*np.cos(theta)

ax.plot(x,y,z,'b^-',label = '3D picture Test')
mpl.rcParams['legend.fontsize'] = 10
ax.legend()
plt.show()

3D条形图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl（可去）
import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d

x = np.random.randint(0,40,10)
y = np.random.randint(0,40,10)
z = 80*abs(np.sin(x+y))

ax = plt.subplot(projection ='3d')

for xx,yy,zz in zip(x,y,z):
    color = np.random.random(3)
    ax.bar3d(xx,yy,0, dx =1,dy=1,dz=zz,color = color)
    
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_xlabel('y')
ax.set_xlabel('z')

plt.show()