【Java高级】反射（下）

1.获取Field

方法	作用
getField​(String name)	返回 字段对象，该对象反映此 类对象表示的类或接口的指定公共成员字段。
getFields()	返回一个包含 字段对象的数组， 字段对象反映此 类对象所表示的类或接口的所有可访问公共成员字段。
getDeclaredField​(String name)	返回 字段对象，该对象反映此 类对象表示的类或接口的指定声明字段。
getDeclaredField​s()	返回 字段对象的数组， 字段对象反映由此 类对象表示的类或接口声明的所有字段。

Studnet.java

package com.sdnu.bean;

public class Student {
    public int no;
    private String name;
    protected int age;
    boolean sex;
}

package com.sdnu;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class ReflectDemo4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class studentClass = Class.forName("com.sdnu.bean.Student");

            Field[] fields = studentClass.getFields();
            System.out.println(fields.length);//1
            System.out.println(fields[0].getName());//no

            Field[] fs = studentClass.getDeclaredFields();
            System.out.println(fs.length);//4
            for(Field field : fs) {
                System.out.println(field.getName());// no name age sex
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

getModifiers(): 返回的修饰符是一个数字，每一个数字代表一个修饰符。

package com.sdnu;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;

public class ReflectDemo4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class studentClass = Class.forName("com.sdnu.bean.Student");
            Field[] fs = studentClass.getDeclaredFields();
            for(Field field : fs) {
                int modifierNumber = field.getModifiers();
                System.out.println(modifierNumber);
                System.out.println(Modifier.toString(modifierNumber));
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2.反编译Field

package com.sdnu;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;

public class ReflectDemo5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuilder builderString = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            Class studentClass = Class.forName("com.sdnu.bean.Student");
            builderString.append(Modifier.toString(studentClass.getModifiers()));
            builderString.append(" class ");
            builderString.append(studentClass.getSimpleName());
            builderString.append(" " + "{");
            builderString.append("\n");
            Field[] fields = studentClass.getDeclaredFields();
            for(Field fs : fields) {
                builderString.append("\t");
                builderString.append(Modifier.toString(fs.getModifiers()));
                builderString.append(" ");
                builderString.append(fs.getType().getSimpleName());
                builderString.append(" ");
                builderString.append(fs.getName());
                builderString.append(";\n");
            }
            builderString.append("}");
            System.out.println(builderString);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

3.通过反射机制访问对象属性

package com.sdnu;

import com.sdnu.bean.Student;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class ReflectDemo6 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //普通方法
        Student student = new Student();
        student.no = 2021;
        System.out.println(student.no);
        //通过反射的机制
        try {
        	//相当于上面方法的 Student student = new Student();
            Class studentClass = Class.forName("com.sdnu.bean.Student");
            Object obj = studentClass.newInstance();
             //相当于上面方法的student.no = 2021;
            Field noField = studentClass.getDeclaredField("no");
            noField.set(obj, 2021);
            System.out.println(noField.get(obj));
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchFieldException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

两种方式都可以访问对象的属性，但是相比于普通方法，虽然反射机制较为复杂，但是反射机制能够将内容写入配置文件中，较为灵活。

注意：要想访问私有属性，(以上面为例)需要加入下面一行的代码：

noField.setAccessible(true);

4.反射Method

package com.sdnu;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;

public class ReflectMethodDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class methodClass = Class.forName("com.sdnu.StudentMethod");
            Method[] methods = methodClass.getDeclaredMethods();
            for(Method method : methods) {
                System.out.println(Modifier.toString(method.getModifiers()));
                System.out.println(method.getReturnType().getSimpleName());
                System.out.println(method.getName());
                Class[] parameterType = method.getParameterTypes();
                for(Class parameter : parameterType) {
                    System.out.println(parameter.getSimpleName());
                }
                System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

5.反射机制调用方法

StudentMethod.java

package com.sdnu;

public class StudentMethod {
    public int id;
    public String userName;
    protected int score;
    public void setId(int id){
        this.id = id;
    }
    protected String getUserName(){
        return userName;
    }
    public boolean login(String userName, int score){
        if(userName != null && score > 60) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    public boolean login(int score){
        return false;
    }
}

package com.sdnu;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class ReflectMethodDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class methodClass = Class.forName("com.sdnu.StudentMethod");
            Object obj = methodClass.newInstance();
            Method loginMethod = methodClass.getDeclaredMethod("login", String.class, int.class);
            Object retValue = loginMethod.invoke(obj, "Jack", 89);
            System.out.println(retValue);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException | InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

6.反射机制调用构造方法

StudentMethod.java

package com.sdnu;

public class StudentMethod {
    public int id;
    public String userName;
    protected int score;
    public StudentMethod() {}
    public StudentMethod(int id, String userName, int score) {
        this.id = id;
        this.userName = userName;
        this.score = score;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "StudentMethod{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", score=" + score +
                '}';
    }
}

ReflectMethodDemo4.java

package com.sdnu;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

public class ReflectMethodDemo4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class studentClass = Class.forName("com.sdnu.StudentMethod");
            Object obj = studentClass.newInstance();
            Constructor con = studentClass.getDeclaredConstructor(int.class, String.class, int.class);
            Object newObj = con.newInstance(12, "Jack", 90);
            System.out.println(newObj);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchMethodException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

7.获取父类和父接口

package com.sdnu;

public class ReflectMethodDemo5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class methodClass = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
            //获取String的父类
            Class superClass = methodClass.getSuperclass();
            System.out.println(superClass.getName());
            //获取String的所有接口
            Class[] interfaces = methodClass.getInterfaces();
            for(Class in : interfaces) {
                System.out.println(in.getName());
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

作者：Beyong　　　　
出处：Beyong博客
github地址：https://github.com/beyong2019

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