【框架：Spring】万字详解IOC控制反转（下：注解）

1.使用注解的步骤

2.定义Bean的注解@Component

2.1 @Component

Student.java

package com.sdnu.ba01;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @Component("myStudent")等同于
 * <bean id="myStudent" class="com.sdnu.ba01.Student"/>
 */
@Component("myStudent")
public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.sdnu.ba01"/>
</beans>

测试代码

    @Test
    public void test1(){
        String config = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(config);
        Student student = (Student)ctx.getBean("myStudent");
        System.out.println(student);
    }

2.2 @Repository @Service @Controller

2.3 指定多个包的方式

2.3.1 使用多次扫描器，指定不同的包

<context:component-scan base-package="com.sdnu.ba01"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sdnu.ba02"/>

2.3.2 使用分隔符（；或者，）分割多个包名

<context:component-scan base-package="com.sdnu.ba01; com.sdnu.ba02"/>

2.3.3 指定父包

<context:component-scan base-package="com.sdnu"/>

3.简单类型属性注入@Value

Student.java

package com.sdnu.ba01;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @Component("myStudent")等同于
 * <bean id="myStudent" class="com.sdnu.ba01.Student"/>
 */
@Component("myStudent")
public class Student {
    @Value("冰冰")
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    @Value("21")
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

4.byType自动注入 @Autowired

School.java

package com.sdnu.ba02;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component("mySchool")
public class School {
    @Value("深圳大学")
    private String name;
    @Value("深圳市")
    private String address;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "School{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Student.java

package com.sdnu.ba02;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @Component("myStudent")等同于
 * <bean id="myStudent" class="com.sdnu.ba01.Student"/>
 */
@Component("myStudent2")
public class Student {
    @Value("冰冰")
    private String name;
    @Value("21")
    private Integer age;
    @Autowired
    private School school;

    public School getSchool() {
        return school;
    }

    public void setSchool(School school) {
        this.school = school;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", school=" + school +
                '}';
    }
}

5. byName自动注入 @Autowired 和 @ Qualifier

School.java

package com.sdnu.ba03;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component("mySchool")
public class School {
    @Value("深圳大学")
    private String name;
    @Value("深圳市")
    private String address;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "School{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Student.java

package com.sdnu.ba03;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component("myStudent3")
public class Student {
    @Value("冰冰")
    private String name;
    @Value("21")
    private Integer age;
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("mySchool")
    private School school;

    public void setSchool(School school) {
        this.school = school;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", school=" + school +
                '}';
    }
}

6.JDK注解 @Resource自动注入

Student.java

package com.sdnu.ba04;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Component("myStudent4")
public class Student {
    @Value("冰冰")
    private String name;
    @Value("21")
    private Integer age;
    @Resource
    private School school;

    public void setSchool(School school) {
        this.school = school;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", school=" + school +
                '}';
    }
}

7.注解与xml的对比

Student.java

package com.sdnu.ba04;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Component("myStudent4")
public class Student {
    @Value("${myName}")
    private String name;
    @Value("${myAge}")
    private Integer age;
    @Resource
    private School school;

    public void setSchool(School school) {
        this.school = school;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", school=" + school +
                '}';
    }
}

作者：Beyong　　　　
出处：Beyong博客
github地址：https://github.com/beyong2019

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