1.Bean的生命周期(五步)
- 实例化Bean(调用无参构造方法)
- 给Bean属性赋值(调用set方法)
- 初始化Bean(调用Bean的init方法)
- 使用Bean
- 销毁Bean(调用Bean的destroy)
(注意:第三步和第五步的方法需要自己写,自己配)
User.java
package com.sdnu.spring6.bean;
public class User {
private String name;
public User() {
System.out.println("第一步:无参数构造方法执行");
}
public void setName(String name) {
System.out.println("第二步:给对象的属性赋值");
this.name = name;
}
//此方法需要自己写,自己配置,方法名随意
public void initBean(){
System.out.println("第三步:初始化Bean");
}
//此方法需要自己写,自己配置,方法名随意
public void destroyBean(){
System.out.println("第五步:销毁Bean");
}
}
Spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.sdnu.spring6.bean.User" init-method="initBean" destroy-method="destroyBean">
<property name="name" value="张三"/>
</bean>
</beans>
测试
package com.sdnu.spring6.test;
import com.sdnu.spring6.bean.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class BeanLifecycleTest {
@Test
public void testBeanLifecycleFive(){
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
Object user = applicationContext.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println("第四步:使用Bean");
//必须手动关闭Spring容器,这样Spring容器才会销毁Bean
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = (ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)applicationContext;
context.close();
}
}
2.Bean的生命周期(七步)
- 实例化Bean(调用无参构造方法)
- 给Bean属性赋值(调用set方法)
执行Bean后处理器的before方法
- 初始化Bean(调用Bean的init方法)
执行Bean后处理器的after方法
- 使用Bean
- 销毁Bean(调用Bean的destroy)
(注意:第三步和第五步的方法需要自己写,自己配)
编写一个类实现BeanPostProcessor
package com.sdnu.spring6.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
public class LogBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("执行Bean后处理器的before方法");
return BeanPostProcessor.super.postProcessBeforeInitialization(bean, beanName);
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("执行Bean后处理器的after方法");
return BeanPostProcessor.super.postProcessAfterInitialization(bean, beanName);
}
}
配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--这个Bean处理器将作用于整个配置文件的所有Bean-->
<bean class="com.sdnu.spring6.bean.LogBeanPostProcessor"/>
<bean id="user" class="com.sdnu.spring6.bean.User" init-method="initBean" destroy-method="destroyBean">
<property name="name" value="张三"/>
</bean>
</beans>
3.Bean的生命周期(十步)
比七步多了三步,分别是
(1)在执行Bean后处理器的before方法之前
(2)在执行Bean后处理器的before方法之后
(3)在执行使用Bean之后,执行销毁Bean之前
这三个点位的特点是检查是否实现某些特定的接口,如果实现了接口,spring容器会调用这些特定接口中的方法。
Bean实现了
● Aware相关的接口
● InitializingBean
● DisposableBean
Aware相关的接口包括:BeanNameAware、BeanClassLoaderAware、BeanFactoryAware
● 当Bean实现了BeanNameAware,Spring会将Bean的名字传递给Bean。
● 当Bean实现了BeanClassLoaderAware,Spring会将加载该Bean的类加载器传递给Bean。
● 当Bean实现了BeanFactoryAware,Spring会将Bean工厂对象传递给Bean。
User.java
package com.sdnu.spring6.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.*;
public class User implements BeanNameAware, BeanClassLoaderAware, BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean, DisposableBean{
private String name;
public User() {
System.out.println("第一步:无参数构造方法执行");
}
public void setName(String name) {
System.out.println("第二步:给对象的属性赋值");
this.name = name;
}
//此方法需要自己写,自己配置,方法名随意
public void initBean(){
System.out.println("第六步:初始化Bean");
}
//此方法需要自己写,自己配置,方法名随意
public void destroyBean(){
System.out.println("第十步:销毁Bean");
}
@Override
public void setBeanClassLoader(ClassLoader classLoader) {
System.out.println("第三步:(2)Bean这个类的类加载器是" + classLoader);
}
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("第三步:(3)生产这个Bean的工厂对象是" + beanFactory);
}
@Override
public void setBeanName(String s) {
System.out.println("第三步:(1)Bean的名字是" + s);
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
System.out.println("第五步:InitializingBean的afterPropertiesSet方法执行");
}
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("第九步:DisposableBean的destroy方法执行");
}
}
LogBeanPostProcessor.java
package com.sdnu.spring6.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
public class LogBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("第四步:执行Bean后处理器的before方法");
return BeanPostProcessor.super.postProcessBeforeInitialization(bean, beanName);
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("第七步:执行Bean后处理器的after方法");
return BeanPostProcessor.super.postProcessAfterInitialization(bean, beanName);
}
}
spring配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--这个Bean处理器将作用于整个配置文件的所有Bean-->
<bean class="com.sdnu.spring6.bean.LogBeanPostProcessor"/>
<bean id="user" class="com.sdnu.spring6.bean.User" init-method="initBean" destroy-method="destroyBean">
<property name="name" value="张三"/>
</bean>
</beans>
测试
package com.sdnu.spring6.test;
import com.sdnu.spring6.bean.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class BeanLifecycleTest {
@Test
public void testBeanLifecycleFive(){
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
Object user = applicationContext.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println("第八步:使用Bean");
//必须手动关闭Spring容器,这样Spring容器才会销毁Bean
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = (ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)applicationContext;
context.close();
}
}
4.Spring根据Bean的作用域选择管理方式
● 对于singleton作用域的Bean,Spring 能够精确地知道该Bean何时被创建,何时初始化完成,以及何时被销毁;
● 而对于 prototype 作用域的 Bean,Spring 只负责创建,当容器创建了 Bean 的实例后,Bean 的实例就交给客户端代码管理,Spring 容器将不再跟踪其生命周期。
5. 自己new的对象如何让Spring管理
// 自己new的对象
User user = new User();
System.out.println(user);
// 创建 默认可列表BeanFactory 对象
DefaultListableBeanFactory factory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
// 注册Bean
factory.registerSingleton("userBean", user);
// 从spring容器中获取bean
User userBean = factory.getBean("userBean", User.class);
System.out.println(userBean);