容器的基本操作

1、启动容器

方法一（不推荐）：

        先创建一个容器：docker create 镜像名

        再启动容器：docker start 容器名

方法二：docker run 镜像名

（1）格式：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --help

Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

（2）options常用命令选项

        -t ：打开一个终端，像使用交换机一样使用容器

        -i：交互式访问

        --name：容器名字

        --network：指定网络

        --rm：容器一停，自动删除

        -d：剥离与当前终端的关系；否则会一直占据着终端

         -p： 端口映射，将容器内服务的端口映射在宿主机的指定端口

        

（3） 示例：运行一个容器

[root@localhost ~]#  docker run --name web1 -d -p 8888:80 nginx:1.14-alpine
274e54cc5f7b4b08a0cae39ab4885d54dfd6c8bbca57e17c342331b285b4c052
[root@localhost ~]#  docker port web1  #查询dockers端口映射
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8888
[root@localhost ~]#  docker run --name b1 -it busybox /bin/sh  #在运行容器时，交互式进入容器
/ # ls
bin   dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
/ # exit

（4）查询容器运行状态命令（以下两条命令都可）

docker ps 只能看见运行中的容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
274e54cc5f7b        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes        0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp   web1
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
274e54cc5f7b        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes        0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp   web1

注： 容器内的第一个进程必须一直处于运行的状态，否则这个容器，就会处于退出状态

-a：查询所有容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS                  NAMES
db52fbf12e58        busybox             "/bin/sh"                3 minutes ago       Exited (0) 3 minutes ago                          b1
274e54cc5f7b        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes               0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp   web1

2、停止运行的容器

关闭运行的容器：docker stop 容器名

杀死运行的容器：docker kill 容器名 （-s指定信号。和kill用法一样，-9强制杀死）

[root@localhost ~]# docker kill web1
web1
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
db52fbf12e58        busybox             "/bin/sh"                7 minutes ago       Exited (0) 7 minutes ago                          b1
274e54cc5f7b        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   7 minutes ago       Exited (137) 13 seconds ago                       web1

3、激活关闭的容器

docker start 容器名

（1）格式

[root@localhost ~]# docker start --help

Usage:  docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

（2）常用选项

-a：附加到当前终端

-i：交互式

（3）实例

[root@localhost ~]#  docker start web1
web1
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
274e54cc5f7b        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   10 minutes ago      Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp   web1

4、查看容器的详细信息

[root@localhost~]# docker inspect web1

5、删除容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker kill web1
web1
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
db52fbf12e58        busybox             "/bin/sh"                12 minutes ago      Exited (0) 12 minutes ago                        b1
274e54cc5f7b        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   13 minutes ago      Exited (137) 9 seconds ago                       web1
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm web1
web1
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
db52fbf12e58        busybox             "/bin/sh"           13 minutes ago      Exited (0) 13 minutes ago                       b1

删除所有容器，-f 强制删除

[root@localhost ~]#  docker rm -f `docker ps -a -q`
db52fbf12e58
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

6、对运行的容器执行指定命令

使用docker exec / docker container exec

（1）格式

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec --help

Usage:  docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

（2）选项常用

        -d：在后台运行命令

        -e：设置环境变量

        -i：交互式

        -t：打开一个终端

        -u：用户名或 UID

（3）：实例

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web1 -d nginx:1.14-alpine
5e509b05061ec742e757bb49b8c7ab342127c85b1ea37106d5af3d070a419c6d

[root@localhost ~]#  docker exec -it web1 /bin/sh     #交互式
/ # ls
bin    etc    lib    mnt    proc   run    srv    tmp    var
dev    home   media  opt    root   sbin   sys    usr
/ # exit

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec web1 ip add    #非交互式
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: eth0@if11: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:2/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

7、查询容器内部日志

[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs web1
172.17.0.1 - - [05/Aug/2021:12:45:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"