Java中的HashMap

HashMap的特点：

• HashMap是Map里面的一个实现类。
• 可直接使用Map里的方法。
• HashMap跟HashSet一样底层是哈希表结构的

小练习（HashMap的使用）：

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Student() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

        Student student = (Student) o;

        if (age != student.age) return false;
        return name != null ? name.equals(student.name) : student.name == null;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0;
        result = 31 * result + age;
        return result;
    }


    
}

        HashMap<Student,String> hm = new HashMap<>();
        Student s1 = new Student("小a",22);
        Student s2 = new Student("小b",21);
        Student s3 = new Student("小d",25);
        Student s4 = new Student("小c",20);
        
        hm.put(s1,"福建");
        hm.put(s2,"北京");
        hm.put(s3,"天津");
        hm.put(s4,"上海");
        
//        System.out.println(hm);
        System.out.println("------------------------------------------");
        //第一种：获取键值对
        Set<Map.Entry<Student, String>> entries = hm.entrySet();//获取到所有的键值对
        for (Map.Entry<Student, String> entry : entries) {
            Student key = entry.getKey();//获取键
            String value = entry.getValue();//获取值
            System.out.println(key + value);//输出键和值
        }
        System.out.println("------------------------------------------");
        //第二种：先获取键，再通过键获取到值
        Set<Student> k = hm.keySet();//获取到所有的键
        for (Student student : k) {
            String s = hm.get(student);//获取到值
            System.out.println(s + student);//输出键和值
        }
        System.out.println("===========================================");
        hm.forEach(
                //小括号里直接写键和值，大括号里是写如何处理键和值
                (Student key,String value)->{
                    System.out.println(key + value);
                }
        );

小结：

• HashMap底层是哈希表结构的
• 遗憾hashCode方法和equals方法保证键的唯一
• 如果键要存储的是自定义对象，需要重写hashCode和equals方法