Android Studio TestCase测试

1. 首先创建项目，放入所需被测试类，然后开始配置gradle依赖项。

2. 打开应用的 build.gradle (project)文件

3. 在 repositories 部分中，确保显示了 Google’s Maven 代码库：
   allprojects {
   repositories {
   jcenter()
   google()
   }
   }

4. 在build.gradle(Moudle)文件中添加所需要的软件包(不用全部添加，选自己测试要用的添加就行）。
   dependencies {
   // Core library
   androidTestImplementation ‘androidx.test:core:1.0.0’

   // AndroidJUnitRunner and JUnit Rules
   androidTestImplementation ‘androidx.test🏃1.1.0’
   androidTestImplementation ‘androidx.test:rules:1.1.0’

   // Assertions
   androidTestImplementation ‘androidx.test.ext:junit:1.0.0’
   androidTestImplementation ‘androidx.test.ext:truth:1.0.0’
   androidTestImplementation ‘com.google.truth:truth:0.42’

   // Espresso dependencies
   androidTestImplementation ‘androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.1.0’
   androidTestImplementation ‘androidx.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:3.1.0’
   androidTestImplementation ‘androidx.test.espresso:espresso-intents:3.1.0’
   androidTestImplementation ‘androidx.test.espresso:espresso-accessibility:3.1.0’
   androidTestImplementation ‘androidx.test.espresso:espresso-web:3.1.0’
   androidTestImplementation ‘androidx.test.espresso.idling:idling-concurrent:3.1.0’

   // The following Espresso dependency can be either “implementation”
   // or “androidTestImplementation”, depending on whether you want the
   // dependency to appear on your APK’s compile classpath or the test APK
   // classpath.
   androidTestImplementation ‘androidx.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:3.1.0’
   }

（1）如果测试依赖于基于 JUnit 的类，请build.gradle(Moudle)在添加相应的useLibrary;例如：
（2）还需要再AndroidMainfest.xml中去添加相应的 元素（关于required这个参数，官方是这样解释的如果 你的app minSdkVersion is 28 or higher就不需要添加这个参数，否则就要添加）


相应的useLibrary请查阅这个官方地址https://developer.android.google.cn/training/testing/set-up-project#junit-based-libs
然后配置好基本就可以写测试类运行了
5. 本人运行的测试类如下：
测试方法有：testPreConditions() //测试组件是否存在
testSendKeyInts()//测试键盘事件
testCapitalizationSendingKeys() //测试大小写转换功能
testFollowlink() //测试超链接

被测类

package com.example.yidongtest_lab2;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class MyFirstActivity extends Activity {
    private EditText mMessage;
	private Button mCapitalize;
	/** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        mMessage = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.message1);
        mCapitalize = (Button) findViewById(R.id.capitalize);      
        mCapitalize.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {			
			public void onClick(View v) {
				mMessage.setText(mMessage.getText().toString().toUpperCase());
			}
        });      
    }	
}

被测类布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
	android:orientation="vertical" 
	android:layout_width="fill_parent"
	android:layout_height="fill_parent">
	<ImageView 
	    android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
	    android:id="@+id/imageView1"
		android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
		android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher_background"
		android:layout_marginBottom="6dip" 
		android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
		android:layout_marginTop="20dip">
	</ImageView>
	<TextView 
	    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
		android:text="@string/visit_home_page"
		android:layout_gravity="center" 
		android:gravity="center"
		android:textSize="24sp" 
		android:layout_marginTop="6dip" />
	<TextView 
	    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
		android:text="@string/home"
		android:layout_gravity="center" 
		android:gravity="center"
		android:autoLink="web" 
		android:id="@+id/link" 
		android:textSize="18sp" />
	<EditText 
	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:layout_width="match_parent" 
		android:layout_marginBottom="0dip"
		android:layout_marginLeft="6dip" 
		android:layout_marginRight="6dip"
		android:layout_marginTop="24dip" 
		android:hint="@string/message_hint"
		android:id="@+id/message1"
		android:maxLines="1">
	</EditText>
	<Button 
	    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
		android:layout_gravity="right"
		android:layout_margin="6dip" 
		android:paddingLeft="24dip"
		android:paddingRight="24dip" 
		android:text="@string/capitalize_button"
		android:id="@+id/capitalize">
	</Button>
</LinearLayout>

测试用例（在Android studio自带的测试文件下创建）

package com.example.yidongtest_lab2;

import android.app.Instrumentation;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
import android.test.TouchUtils;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.recyclerview.widget.ItemTouchUIUtil;

public class MyFirstActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MyFirstActivity> {
private MyFirstActivity myFirstActivity;
private EditText mMessage;
private Button mCapitalize;
private TextView mlink;
private Instrumentation mInstrumentation;
    public MyFirstActivityTest(String name){
        super(MyFirstActivity.class);
        setName(name);
    }

    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        setActivityInitialTouchMode(false);
        myFirstActivity=getActivity();
        mInstrumentation =getInstrumentation();
        mlink=(TextView)myFirstActivity.findViewById(R.id.link);
        mMessage=(EditText)myFirstActivity.findViewById(R.id.message1);
        mCapitalize=(Button)myFirstActivity.findViewById(R.id.capitalize);
    }

    @Override
    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
        super.tearDown();
    }

    public void testPreConditions(){
        assertNotNull(myFirstActivity);
        assertNotNull(mInstrumentation);
        assertNotNull(mlink);
        assertNotNull(mMessage);
        assertNotNull(mCapitalize);
    }
   public void testSendKeyInts(){
    requestMessageFocus();
    sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_H,
            KeyEvent.KEYCODE_E,
            KeyEvent.KEYCODE_E,
            KeyEvent.KEYCODE_E,
            KeyEvent.KEYCODE_Y,
            KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ALT_LEFT,
            KeyEvent.KEYCODE_1,
            KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_DOWN,
            KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENTER);
    final String expected ="heeey1\n";
    final String actual=mMessage.getText().toString();
    assertEquals(expected,actual);

    }
    private void requestMessageFocus(){
        try {
            runTestOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    mMessage.requestFocus();
                }
            });
        } catch (Throwable throwable) {
            fail("could't set focus");
        }
        mInstrumentation.waitForIdleSync();
    }

    //测试转换大小写的功能
    public void testCapitalizationSendingKeys(){
        final String KeysSequence = "T E S T SPACE M E";
        requestMessageFocus();
        sendKeys(KeysSequence);
        TouchUtils.clickView(this,mCapitalize);
        final String expected ="test me".toUpperCase();
        final String actual =mMessage.getText().toString();
        assertEquals(expected,actual);

    }
    //测试超链接
    public void testFollowlink(){
        final Instrumentation inst =getInstrumentation();
        IntentFilter intentFilter =new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
        intentFilter.addDataScheme("http");
        intentFilter.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_BROWSABLE);
        Instrumentation.ActivityMonitor monitor=inst.addMonitor(intentFilter,null,false);
        assertEquals(0,monitor.getHits());
        TouchUtils.clickView(this,mlink);
        Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"click",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        monitor.waitForActivityWithTimeout(5000);
        assertEquals(1,monitor.getHits());
        inst.removeMonitor(monitor);
    }
}

项目运行结果：