Shell中for、while、until语句的练习

1.循环打印数字1-5

for语句：

#！/bin/bash

for i  in {1..5}
do
	echo $i
done

while语句：

#!/bin/bash

i=i
while [ $i -le 5 ]
do
	echo $i
	let i=$i+1
done

until语句：

i=1
until [ $i -gt 5]
do
	echo $i
	let i++
done

2.Shell脚本同步系统时间

要求：写一个脚本，30秒同步一次系统时间，时间同步服务器(自己搭建)。如果同步失败，则进行邮件报警,每次失败都报警；同步成功,也进行邮件通知,但是成功100次才通知一次。
（1）安装并启动mail

1.install package:mailx,sendmail,postfix
2.start postfix service:systemctl start postfix;systemctl enable postfix
3.echo "system date sycess" | mail -s "time status" root

（2）编写脚本

#!/bin/bash

sucessCount=0
while true
do
	echo "Checking system date ..."
	chronyc sources | grep '^*' &> /dev/null
	if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
		let sucessCount++
		if [ $sucessCount -eq 100 ]:then
			echo "system date sucess" | mail -s "check system date" root
			sucessCount=0
		fi
	else
		echo "system date failed" | mail -s "check system date" root
		sucessCount=0
	fi
	sleep 30
done

3.自动化搭建NFS服务器并共享目录

项目思路：
（1）测试网络是否畅通
（2）关闭Selinux和防火墙（或者设置Selinux和防火墙策略）
（3）确认软件是否安装（rpcbind,Redhat8自动安装）
（4）创建和发布共享目录（共享目录+共享网段+共享权限）
（5）启动服务并设置开机自启动
（6）搭建完成后提示：NFS共享服务已搭建完成，欢迎下次使用
客户端测试:
showmount -e IP
mount.nfs IP:/sharedir /your_dir

#!/bin/bash

echo '1. check network is ok?'
ping -c1 172.25.254.39 &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
	echo "Network is ok"
else
	echo "Network isn't ok"
	exit 1	
fi

echo "2. Check Selinux and Firewalld"
setenforce 0 &> /dev/null
echo "Selinux set Disable"
systemctl stop firewalld &> /dev/null
echo "Firewalld stop"

echo "3. Check rpcbind installed?"
rpm -q rpcbind &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
	echo "Rpcbind has installed"
else
	yum install rpcbind -y &> /dev/null && echo "Rpcbind install success" || echo "Rpcbind install failed";exit 1
fi

echo "4. Create Share  Directory and Share it"
read -p "---please input share direcory:" dir
if [ -e $dir ];then
	echo "Share Directory $dir exists"
else
	mkdir -p $dir
	echo "	Share Directory $dir Create sucess"
fi
#All user can write,Only owner and root can delete.
chmod 1777 $dir
read -p "---please input share subnet: " subnet
read -p "---please input share premission(ro/rw): " permission

#Edit nfs configure file
#shareDir Subnet(Permission)	
echo "Edit nfs configure file /etc/exports"

read -p "input 1 -> clear config,default is add:" choice
if [ $choice -eq 1 ];then
	> /etc/exports
fi
cat >> /etc/exports <<EOF
$dir $subnet($permission)
EOF

echo "5. Start and enable service"

echo "Check nfs-server is start?"
systemctl status nfs-server.service | grep active &>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
	systemctl restart nfs-server 
	echo "Nfs reatart success"
else
	systemctl start rpcbind
	systemctl start nfs-server
	systemctl enable rpcbind
	systemctl enable nfs-server
fi

echo "6. Check Client can access share directory?"
showmount -e 172.25.254.39 | grep $dir &> /dev/null
[ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "Share success" || echo "Share failed";exit 1

echo "NFS共享服务已搭建完成，欢迎下次使用"					

4.模拟一个多任务维护界面，当执行程序时先显示总菜单，然后进行选择后做相应的维护监控操作

#！/bin/bash

function menu(){
  echo "
   h 显示命令的帮助
   f 显示磁盘分区
   d 显示磁盘挂载
   m 显示内存使用
   u 显示系统负载
   q 退出程序
  "
}  

menu
while true
do 
	read -p "请输入你要操作的选项（h|f|d|m|u|q）: " choice
	case $choice in
	h)
		menu
		::
	f)
		echo "******磁盘分区信息"
		blkid | cut -d: -f1
		;;
	q)
		echo "程序正在退出，欢迎下次使用......."
		exit 0
		;;
	m)
		echo "******内存信息"
		free -m
		;;
	*)
		echo "请通过h查看帮助信息"
		；；
 esac
 
done
	

5.判断用户输入的字符串，如果是"hello",则显示"world"；如果是"world",则显示"hello",否则提示"请输入hello或者world，谢谢！"

read -p "keyin: " name
case $name in
	hello)
		echo world
		;;
	world)
		echo hello
		;;
	*)
		echo "keyin hello or world"
		;;
esac

6.有颜色的字符串输出

RED="\033[31m"
GREEN="\033[32m"
YELLOW="\033[33m"
END="\033[0m"

print_color_string(){
	color=$1
	string=$2
	case $color in
		red)
			echo -e "$RED $string $END"
			;;
		green)
			echo -e "$GREEN $string $END"
			;;
		yellow)
			echo -e "$YELLOW $string $END"
			;;
		*)
			echo $string
			;;
	esac
}

print_color_string 'red' 'hello world'	
print_color_string 'green' 'hello world' 
print_color_string 'yellow' 'hello world' 

7.用户建立脚本

• 执行users_create.sh userlist passlist
• 建立userlist列表中的用户
• 设定userlist列表中的密码为passlist列表中的密码
• 当脚本后面跟的文件个数不足两时，报错
• 当文件行数不一致时报错
• 当文件不存在时报错
• 当用户存在时报错

#1.脚本名称：users_create.sh
#2.脚本执行的格式：user_create.sh userlist passlist
#3.目标：创建用户（一般情况下只有root用户可以创建用户）
#	[ `id -u` -eq 0 ] || echo red "Error:THis scipt must run as root!"
# 	[ `whoami` = `root` ] || echo ...
#	[ $USER = `root` ] || echo ...

[ 'id -u ' -eq 0 ] || echo "Error:This script must run as root!"

#4.用户名文件和密码文件信息是一一对应的。
#	1）输入的参数是不是两个参数 [ $# -eq 2 ] || echo red "Error:please input users file and password file"
#	2)判断用户文件和密码文件是否存在
#	[ -e $1 -a -f $1 ]
#	[ -e $2 -a -f $2 ]
#	3)用户的行数和密码文件的行数是否一致
#	users_line=`wc -l $1 | cut -d ' ' -f1`
#	pwds_line=`wc -l $2 | cut -d ' ' -f1`
#	[ $users_line != $pwds_line ] && echo red "Error:users file lines is differ password file"

[ $# -eq 2 ] || {
	echo "Error:please input users file and password file"
	exit 1
	}
	
[ -e $1 -a -f $1 ] || {
	echo "Error:user file not exists"
	exit 1
	}
[ -e $2 -a -f $2 ] || {
	echo "Error:password file not exists"
	exit 1
	}

users_line=`wc -l $1 | cut -d ' ' -f1`
pwds_line=`wc -l $2 | cut -d '' -f1`
[ $users_line != $pwds_line ] && {
	echo "Error:users file lines is differ password file"
	exit 1
}

#4.所有可能出现问题的分析结束，创建用户
#max_line=`wc -l $1 | cut -d ' ' -f1`
#循环的序列：for num in `seq 1 $max_line`
#循环的过程：
#	username = `sed -n $(num)p $1`
#	password = `sed -n $(num)p $2`
#	useradd $username(用户有可能存在)
#	如果用户创建成功：echo $password | passwd --stdin $username

max_line=`wc -l $1 | cut -d ' ' -f1`
for num in `seq 1 $max_line`
do
	echo '.................................'
	username=`sed -n $(num)p $1`
	password=`sed -n $(num)p $2`
	useradd $username
	if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
	echo "$username Create success";
	echo $password | passwd --stdin $username
	echo "$username set password success"
else
	echo "$username Create failed"
fi

done

8.expect自动应答

#！/usr/bin/expect

#expect获取脚本后面传递的参数和bash环境不一样
#0，1，2

set ip [ lindex $argv 1 ]
spawn ssh kiosk@$ip
expect {
	"(yes/no?)" { send "yes\n";}
	"password:" { send "$password\n"}
}
#持久连接远程服务器
interact