计算方法(数值分析)实验:解线性方程组的迭代法 雅克比迭代法 高斯赛德尔迭代法 松弛迭代法实现 java

该博客文章展示了如何使用Java编程实现Jacobi、Gauss-Seidel和SOR迭代方法来解决线性方程组。通过输入矩阵A和向量b,程序会进行迭代计算并输出结果。文章包含详细的代码实现,包括矩阵运算和迭代过程。
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用Jacobi,Gauss-Seidel和松弛迭代方法求解线性方程组并编程实现。要求编写实验程序(语言不限),给出实验结果。

题目:

package com.code;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        int n;
//
//        Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
//        System.out.print("请输入矩阵长度:");
//        n = s.nextInt();
//
//        double[][] A = new double[n][n];
//        double[][] b = new double[n][1];
//        System.out.println("请输入矩阵A:");
//        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
//            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
//                A[i][j] = s.nextDouble();
//            }
//        }
//        System.out.println("请输入矩阵b:");
//        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
//            b[i][0] = s.nextDouble();
//        }
//        double[][] A = {{10, -1, 0}, {-1,10,-2}, {0,-4,10}};
//        double[][] b = {{9}, {7}, {6}};
        double[][] A = {{1,2,-2}, {1,1,1}, {2,2,1}};
        double[][] b = {{1}, {2}, {3}};
//        double[][] A = {{-4, 1, 1, 1}, {1,-4, 1,1}, {1,1,-4,1},{1,1,1,-4}};
//        double[][] b = {{1}, {1}, {1},{1}};

//        jacoby(A,b);
        GaussSeidel(A,b);
//        Sor(A,b,1.3);
    }

    public static void jacoby(double[][] A, double[][] b){
        int n = A.length;
        double[][] D = new double[n][n];
        double[][] LU = new double[n][n];
        double[][] D_inverse = new double[n][n];
        double[][] B = new double[n][n];
        double x1[][] = new double[n][1];
        double x2[][] = new double[n][1];
        //初始化D
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            D[i][i] = A[i][i];
        }
//        初始化L+U
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                if (i == j){
                    LU[i][i] = 0;
                } else{
                    LU[i][j] = -A[i][j];
                }
            }
        }

        D_inverse = getInverseMatrix(D, n);
        B = getMultiplyMatrix(D_inverse,LU);
        double[][] f = getMultiplyMatrix(D_inverse, b);
//        print(B);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            x1[i][0] = 0;
        }
        boolean flag = true;
        int z = 0;
        while (flag){
            flag = false;
            x2 = getSumMatrix(getMultiplyMatrix(B,x1), f);
            z++;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                if (Math.abs(x2[i][0] - x1[i][0]) > 5e-6){
                    flag = true;
                }
            }
            System.out.println("迭代次数为:" + z + "  结果为:");
            print(x2);
            x1 = x2;
        }

    }

    public static void GaussSeidel(double[][] A, double[][] b){
        int n = A.length;
        double[][] DL = new double[n][n];
        double[][] U = new double[n][n];
        double[][] DL_inverse = new double[n][n];
        double[][] G = new double[n][n];
        double x1[][] = new double[n][1];
        double x2[][] = new double[n][1];

//        初始化D-L
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                if (j > i){
                    DL[i][j] = 0;
                } else{
                    DL[i][j] = A[i][j];
                }
            }
        }
        //初始化U
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = i+1; j < n; j++) {
                U[i][j] = -A[i][j];
            }
        }

        DL_inverse = getInverseMatrix(DL, n);
        G = getMultiplyMatrix(DL_inverse,U);
        double[][] f = getMultiplyMatrix(DL_inverse, b);
//        print(DL);
//        print(U);
//        print(DL_inverse);
//        print(G);
//        print(f);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            x1[i][0] = 0;
        }

        boolean flag = true;
        int z = 0;
        while (flag){
            flag = false;
            x2 = getSumMatrix(getMultiplyMatrix(G,x1), f);
            z++;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                if (Math.abs(x2[i][0] - x1[i][0]) > 5e-6){
                    flag = true;
                }
            }
            System.out.println("迭代次数为:" + z + "  结果为:");
            print(x2);
            x1 = x2;
        }

    }

    public static void Sor(double[][] A, double[][] b, double w){
        int n = A.length;
        double[][] DL = new double[n][n];
        double[][] U = new double[n][n];
        double[][] DL_inverse = new double[n][n];
        double[][] G = new double[n][n];
        double x1[][] = new double[n][1];
        double x2[][] = new double[n][1];
         System.out.println(n);
         print(DL);
         print(A);
//        初始化D-L
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                if (j > i){
                    DL[i][j] = 0;
                } else{
                    DL[i][j] = A[i][j];
                }
            }
        }
        //初始化U
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = i+1; j < n; j++) {
                U[i][j] = -A[i][j];
            }
        }

        DL_inverse = getInverseMatrix(DL, n);
        G = getMultiplyMatrix(DL_inverse,U);
        double[][] f = getMultiplyMatrix(DL_inverse, b);
        print(DL);
        print(U);
        print(DL_inverse);
        print(G);
        print(f);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            x1[i][0] = 0;
        }

        boolean flag = true;
        int z = 0;
        while (flag){
            flag = false;
            x2 = getSumMatrix(getMultiplyMatrix(G,x1), f);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                x2[i][0] = x2[i][0] * w + (1 - w) * x1[i][0];
            }
            z++;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                if (Math.abs(x2[i][0] - x1[i][0]) > 5e-6){
                    flag = true;
                }
            }
            System.out.println("迭代次数为:" + z + "  结果为:");
            print(x2);
            x1 = x2;
        }

    }

    public static double[][] getInverseMatrix(double[][] A, int n) {
        double[][] U = new double[n][n];
        double[][] L = new double[n][n];
        double[][] Uinv = new double[n][n];
        double[][] Linv = new double[n][n];
        int size = n;
        // fill 1 at L's diagonal
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            L[i][i] = 1.0;
        }
        // calculate the U's first row
        for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
            U[0][j] = A[0][j];
        }
        // calculate the L's first column
        for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
            L[i][0] = A[i][0] / U[0][0];
        }
        // iterative calculation of other rows and columns
        for (int k = 1; k < size; k++) {
            // the k_th row of U
            for (int j = k; j < size; j++) {
                // sum(L_kt*U_tj),t
                double s = 0.0;
                for (int t = 0; t < k; t++) {
                    s += L[k][t] * U[t][j];
                }
                // U_kj = A_kj - s
                U[k][j] = A[k][j] - s;
            }
            // the k_th column of L
            for (int i = k; i < size; i++) {
                // sum(L_it*U_tk),t
                double s = 0.0;
                for (int t = 0; t < k; t++) {
                    s += L[i][t] * U[t][k];
                }
                // L_ik = (A_ik - s) / U_kk
                L[i][k] = (A[i][k] - s) / U[k][k];
            }
        }

        // calculate L_inv
        for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
            for (int i = j; i < size; i++) {
                if (i == j) Linv[i][j] = 1 / L[i][j];
                else if (i < j) Linv[i][j] = 0;
                else {
                    double s = 0.0;
                    for (int k = j; k < i; k++) {
                        s += L[i][k] * Linv[k][j];
                    }
                    Linv[i][j] = -Linv[j][j] * s;
                }
            }
        }

        // calculate U_inv
        for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
            for (int i = j; i >= 0; i--) {
                if (i == j) Uinv[i][j] = 1 / U[i][j];
                else if (i > j) Uinv[i][j] = 0;
                else {
                    double s = 0.0;
                    for (int k = i + 1; k <= j; k++) {
                        s += U[i][k] * Uinv[k][j];
                    }
                    Uinv[i][j] = -1 / U[i][i] * s;
                }
            }
        }

        double[][] inv = new double[n][n];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
                for (int k = 0; k < size; k++) {
                    inv[i][j] += Uinv[i][k] * Linv[k][j];
                }
            }
        }

//        print(L);
//        print(U);
//        print(Linv);
//        print(Uinv);

        return inv;
    }

    public static double[][] getMultiplyMatrix(double[][] a, double[][] b) {
        //当a的列数与矩阵b的行数不相等时,不能进行点乘,返回null
        if (a[0].length != b.length)
            return null;
        //c矩阵的行数y,与列数x
        int y = a.length;
        int x = b[0].length;
        double c[][] = new double[y][x];
        for (int i = 0; i < y; i++){
            for (int j = 0; j < x; j++){
                //c矩阵的第i行第j列所对应的数值,等于a矩阵的第i行分别乘以b矩阵的第j列之和
                for (int k = 0; k < b.length; k++){
                    c[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];
                }
            }
        }
        return c;
    }

    public static double[][] getSorMatrix(double[][] a, double[][] b, double[][] x1) {
        //当a的列数与矩阵b的行数不相等时,不能进行点乘,返回null
        if (a[0].length != b.length)
            return null;
        //c矩阵的行数y,与列数x
        int y = a.length;
        int x = b[0].length;
        double c[][] = new double[y][x];
        for (int i = 0; i < y; i++){
            for (int j = 0; j < x; j++){
                //c矩阵的第i行第j列所对应的数值,等于a矩阵的第i行分别乘以b矩阵的第j列之和
                for (int k = 0; k < b.length; k++){
                    c[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];
                }
                c[i][j] += x1[i][j];
            }
        }
        return c;
    }


    public static double[][] getSubMatrix(double a[][], double b[][]) {
        //当a的列数与矩阵b的行数不相等时,不能进行点乘,返回null
        if (a.length != b.length && a[0].length != b[0].length)
            return null;
        //c矩阵的行数y,与列数x
        int x = a.length;
        int y = a[0].length;
        double c[][] = new double[x][y];
        for (int i = 0; i < x; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < y; j++)
                //c矩阵的第i行第j列所对应的数值,等于a矩阵的第i行分别乘以b矩阵的第j列之和
                c[i][j] = a[i][j] - b[i][j];
        return c;
    }
    public static double[][] getSumMatrix(double a[][], double b[][]) {
        //当a的列数与矩阵b的行数不相等时,不能进行点乘,返回null
        if (a.length != b.length && a[0].length != b[0].length)
            return null;
        //c矩阵的行数y,与列数x
        int x = a.length;
        int y = a[0].length;
        double c[][] = new double[x][y];
        for (int i = 0; i < x; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < y; j++)
                //c矩阵的第i行第j列所对应的数值,等于a矩阵的第i行分别乘以b矩阵的第j列之和
                c[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
        return c;
    }

    public static void print(double[][] M) {
        for (int i = 0; i < M.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < M[0].length; j++) {
                System.out.printf("%12.9f" ,M[i][j]);
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

}

 

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