Python爬虫实战(四)：微博博主信息爬取(粉丝数、关注数、博文数、信用等级、认证信息、个人简介……)

追风赶月莫停留，平芜尽处是春山。

好久没更新了，今天来更新一波。

今天继续使用新版微博

一、网页分析

依旧是女神迪丽热巴😍
找到热巴的主页，依旧先打开开发者模式，然后刷新网页。

在这个请求中你可以得到：昵称、关注数、粉丝数、博文数、个人简介、性别、是否通过微博认证、认证信息、地区、微博等级、会员等级等等。
另外一个请求：

可以得到：生日、公司、学校、加入微博的时间、阳光信用等等。

二、接口分析

url分析

https://weibo.com/ajax/profile/info?uid=1669879400

很显然只有uid这一个参数，对应的是博主的id

https://weibo.com/ajax/profile/detail?uid=1669879400

同上
所以我们只要知道了博主的uid就可以获得他的相关信息了。

返回数据分析

两个接口大同小异，都是get请求，返回数据格式都是json格式

三、编写代码

知道了url规则，以及返回数据的格式，那现在咱们的任务就是构造url然后请求数据

uid = ['1669879400']
for id in uid:
    url1 = "https://weibo.com/ajax/profile/info?uid={}".format(id)
    url2 = "https://weibo.com/ajax/profile/detail?uid={}".format(id)

只要在uid这个列表里添加用户id，这样就可以实现多个用户信息的抓取了。
对于每个url我们都要去用requests库中的get方法去请求数据：
所以我们为了方便就把请求网页的代码写成了函数get_html(url)，传入的参数是url返回的是请求到的内容。

def get_html(url):
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4389.82 Safari/537.36",
        "Referer": "https://weibo.com"
    }
    cookies = {
    	"cookie": "你的cookie"
    }
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies)
    time.sleep(3)	# 加上3s 的延时防止被反爬
    return response.text

注意这里一定要把你的cookie替换掉，不然请求不到内容。
cookies获取方式

获取数据

我把它封装成了一个函数，传入uid。

def get_data(id):
    url1 = "https://weibo.com/ajax/profile/info?uid={}".format(id)
    url2 = "https://weibo.com/ajax/profile/detail?uid={}".format(id)
    html1 = get_html(url1)
    html2 = get_html(url2)
    responses1 = json.loads(html1)
    data1 = responses1['data']['user']
    responses2 = json.loads(html2)
    data2 = responses2['data']
    data = {}  # 新建个字典用来存数据
    data['name'] = data1['name']  # 名字
    data['description'] = data1['description']  # 个人简介
    data['followers_count'] = data1['followers_count']  # 粉丝数量
    data['friends_count'] = data1['friends_count']  # 关注数量
    data['statuses_count'] = data1['statuses_count']  # 博文数量
    data['location'] = data1['location']  # 所在地区
    data['gender'] = data1['gender']  # 性别：f:女, m:男
    data['verified'] = data1['verified']  # 是否认证
    data['verified_reason'] = data1['verified_reason']  # 认证信息
    try:
        data['birthday'] = data2['birthday']  # 生日
    except KeyError:
        data['birthday'] = ""
    try:
        data['created_at'] = data2['created_at']  # 注册时间
    except KeyError:
        data['created_at'] = ""
    try:
        data['sunshine_credit'] = data2['sunshine_credit']['level']  # 阳光信用
    except KeyError:
        data['sunshine_credit'] = ""
    try:
        data['company'] = data2['career']['company']  # 公司
    except KeyError:
        data['company'] = ""
    try:
        data['school'] = data2['education']['school']  # 学校
    except KeyError:
        data['school'] = ""

注意：这里第二个接口之所以写try-except的原因是因为可能博主设置了权限，看不到他的一些相关信息。

保存数据

封装一个函数：

def save_data(data):
    title = ['name', 'description', 'followers_count', 'friends_count', 'statuses_count', 'location', 'gender', 'verified', 'verified_reason', 'birthday', 'created_at', 'sunshine_credit', 'company', 'school']
    with open("data.csv", "a", encoding="utf-8", newline="")as fi:
        fi = csv.writer(fi)
        fi.writerow([data[k] for k in title])

完整代码

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# @time: 2021/6/8 10:00
# @Author: 韩国麦当劳
# @Environment: Python 3.7
import json
import requests
import csv
import time


def get_html(url):
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4389.82 Safari/537.36",
        "Referer": "https://weibo.com"
    }
    cookies = {
    	"cookie": "你的cookie"
    }
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies)
    time.sleep(3)   # 加上3s 的延时防止被反爬
    return response.text


def save_data(data):
    title = ['name', 'description', 'followers_count', 'friends_count', 'statuses_count', 'location', 'gender', 'verified', 'verified_reason', 'birthday', 'created_at', 'sunshine_credit', 'company', 'school']
    with open("data.csv", "a", encoding="utf-8", newline="")as fi:
        fi = csv.writer(fi)
        fi.writerow([data[k] for k in title])


def get_data(id):
    url1 = "https://weibo.com/ajax/profile/info?uid={}".format(id)
    url2 = "https://weibo.com/ajax/profile/detail?uid={}".format(id)
    html1 = get_html(url1)
    html2 = get_html(url2)
    responses1 = json.loads(html1)
    data1 = responses1['data']['user']
    responses2 = json.loads(html2)
    data2 = responses2['data']
    data = {}   # 新建个字典用来存数据
    data['name'] = data1['name']  # 名字
    data['description'] = data1['description']  # 个人简介
    data['followers_count'] = data1['followers_count']  # 粉丝数量
    data['friends_count'] = data1['friends_count']  # 关注数量
    data['statuses_count'] = data1['statuses_count']  # 博文数量
    data['location'] = data1['location']  # 所在地区
    data['gender'] = data1['gender']  # 性别：f:女, m:男
    data['verified'] = data1['verified']  # 是否认证
    data['verified_reason'] = data1['verified_reason']  # 认证信息
    try:
        data['birthday'] = data2['birthday']  # 生日
    except KeyError:
        data['birthday'] = ""
    try:
        data['created_at'] = data2['created_at']  # 注册时间
    except KeyError:
        data['created_at'] = ""
    try:
        data['sunshine_credit'] = data2['sunshine_credit']['level']  # 阳光信用
    except KeyError:
        data['sunshine_credit'] = ""
    try:
        data['company'] = data2['career']['company']  # 公司
    except KeyError:
        data['company'] = ""
    try:
        data['school'] = data2['education']['school']  # 学校
    except KeyError:
        data['school'] = ""
    save_data(data)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    uid = ['1669879400']
    for id in uid:
        get_data(id)

获得的部分数据截图

欢迎一键三连哦！
还想看哪个网站的爬虫？欢迎留言，说不定下次要分析的就是你想要看的！