mysql二进制安装

二进制格式安装MySQL

下载安装包

1. /usr/src中下载二进制格式的 mysql 软件包

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2. 创建用户和组

[root@localhost src]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@localhost src]# useradd -M -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql

3. 解压软件至 /usr/local/

[root@localhost src]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

顺便做个软链接

[root@localhost local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  sbin  share  src
[root@localhost local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 4月  10 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 4月  10 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 4月  10 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 4月  10 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 4月  10 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 4月  10 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 4月  10 2018 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  36 8月  25 00:49 mysql -> mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 8月  25 00:47 mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 4月  10 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root  49 7月  13 08:02 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 4月  10 2018 src

4. 修改目录 /usr/local/mysql 的属主属组

[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql*
[root@localhost local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 4月  10 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 4月  10 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 4月  10 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 4月  10 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 4月  10 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 4月  10 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 4月  10 2018 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql  36 8月  25 00:49 mysql -> mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 8月  25 00:47 mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 4月  10 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root  root   49 7月  13 08:02 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 4月  10 2018 src

5. 添加环境变量

[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# cat /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

6. 建立数据存放目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /opt/data/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 8月  25 00:56 /opt/data/

7. 初始化数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
2021-08-25T07:58:24.328868Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use -
-explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-08-25T07:58:24.543890Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-08-25T07:58:24.592922Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-08-25T07:58:24.658072Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the fi
rst time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 394478b8-057a-11ec-962c-000c2933c088.
2021-08-25T07:58:24.658830Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' c
annot be opened.
2021-08-25T07:58:25.077346Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-08-25T07:58:25.408988Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Zd,<)UDF.9ql

[root@localhost ~]# echo 'Zd,<)UDF.9ql' > sqlkey.txt ///备份数据库临时密码
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  Documents  Downloads  Music  original-ks.cfg  Pictures  Public  sqlkey.txt  Templates  Videos

8. 修改配置文件（没有就创一个）

[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.back ##备份配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/opt/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
port=3306
character-set-server=utf8
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid

配置参数解析

配置文件查找次序：若在多个配置文件中均有设定，则最后找到的最终生效

/etc/my.cnf --> /etc/mysql/my.cnf --> --default-extra-file=/PATH/TO/CONF_FILE --> ~/.my.cnf

参数	说明
port = 3306	设置监听端口
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock	指定套接字文件位置
basedir = /usr/local/mysql	指定MySQL的安装路径
datadir = /data/mysql	指定MySQL的数据存放路径
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid	指定进程ID文件存放路径
user = mysql	指定MySQL以什么用户的身份提供服务
skip-name-resolve	禁止MySQL对外部连接进行DNS解析使用这一选项可以消除MySQL进行DNS解析的时间。若开启该选项，则所有远程主机连接授权都要使用IP地址方式否则MySQL将无法正常处理连接请求

9. 配置服务启动脚本

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
[root@localhost support-files]# ls
magic  mysqld_multi.server  mysql-log-rotate  mysql.server
[root@localhost support-files]# cp -a mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost support-files]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld 
........
basedir=/usr/local/mysql          #修改这两行参数
datadir=/opt/data
........

10. 启动mysql

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

11. 设置开机自动启动

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list

注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含
原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据
可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 

      要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。
      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。

netconsole      0:关    1:关    2:关    3:关    4:关    5:关    6:关
network         0:关    1:关    2:开    3:开    4:开    5:开    6:关
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld  ##添加开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list

注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含
原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据
可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 

      要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。
      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。

mysqld          0:关    1:关    2:开    3:开    4:开    5:开    6:关
netconsole      0:关    1:关    2:关    3:关    4:关    5:关    6:关
network         0:关    1:关    2:开    3:开    4:开    5:开    6:关

12 . 修改密码

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Zd,<)UDF.9ql' ## 用单引号括起密钥
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.34

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password=password('1');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>