一、简介
Vue,一个超级强大的前端开发框架,学习这个要有html,css,js,ajax的基础知识。它是一个js框架,简化了dom操作,拥有响应式的数据驱动。
官网地址:https://cn.vuejs.org/
开发软件下载及使用说明:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/S5jfMA1X25hfC-59e7Vtcg
二、vue第一个示例
步骤:
1、导入vue的开发依赖:<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
2、创建vue的实例对象,并设置el(挂载点)属性和data(数据)属性
3、使用模板语法将数据渲染到页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="mask">
{{message}}
</div>
</body>
<script>
var app=new Vue({
el:"#mask",
data:{
message:"nihao"
}
})
</script>
</html>
说明:
1、上边示例的js是将vue的js下载到了本地
2、el(挂载点):
(1)控制vue实例的作用范围,vue会管理el选项命中的元素以及它的子元素。上边示例的vue的作用范围就是一个div
(2)el后边可以使用任何选择器,但是推荐id选择器
(3)只能挂载到双标签上,到是不能用在html和body
3、通过 {{}} 来拿取data中的数据
(1)vue中用到的数据定义在data中
(2)渲染复杂类型的数据时,遵循js语法即可
三、Vue的指令
指令主要用于页面各种属性的操作
1、内容绑定,事件绑定的指令
内容绑定:
v-html:可以绑定带h5标签的内容,并将h5标签解析成页面可以使用的标签
v-text:只能绑定普通不带h5标签的内容,带h5标签也是将标签作为字符串
事件绑定:
v-on:绑定事件
练习:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="./js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="mask">
<!-- 属性样式的使用,会覆盖原内容-->
<h2 v-text="message">jskfslflsjdflkdsjf</h2>
<br>
<!-- 可以拼接-->
<h2>{{message}}啦啦啦</h2>
<br>
<!-- v-html可以解析带h5标签的内容-->
<h2 v-html="co"></h2>
<!-- v-on: 绑定事件,两种绑定-->
<input type="button" value="事件绑定1" v-on:click="bb">
<input type="button" value="事件绑定2" @click="cc">
<input type="button" value="事件绑定3" @dblclick="cc">
<input type="button" value="事件绑定4" v-on:mouseenter="cc">
</div>
</body>
<script>
var app=new Vue({
el:"#mask",
data:{
message:"你要如何,我们就如何",
co:"<a href='#'>烟花</a>"
},
methods:{
//两种声明方法的方式
bb:function () {
alert("春天雨,夏蝉鸣");
},
cc(){
alert("秋风吹,雪花轻");
}
}
})
</script>
</html>
示例练习,计数器:
样式:
body{
background-color: #f5f5f5;
}
#app {
width: 480px;
height: 80px;
margin: 200px auto;
}
.input-num {
margin-top:20px;
height: 100%;
display: flex;
border-radius: 10px;
overflow: hidden;
box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #adadad;
border: 1px solid #c7c7c7;
background-color: #c7c7c7;
}
.input-num button {
width: 150px;
height: 100%;
font-size: 40px;
color: #ad2a27;
cursor: pointer;
border: none;
outline: none;
background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);
}
.input-num span {
height: 100%;
font-size: 40px;
flex: 1;
text-align: center;
line-height: 80px;
font-family:auto;
background-color: white;
}
img{
float: right;
margin-top: 50px;
}
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge" />
<title>计数器</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/computer.css" />
</head>
<body>
<!-- html结构 -->
<div id="app">
<!-- 计数器功能区域 -->
<div class="input-num">
<button @click="decr">
-
</button>
<span>{{index}}</span>
<button @click="incr">
+
</button>
</div>
<img src="http://qnaaa.zzaaa.net/aaajy/logo.png" alt="" />
</div>
<!-- 开发环境版本,包含了有帮助的命令行警告 -->
<script src="./js/vue.js"></script>
<!-- 编码 -->
</body>
<script>
var app=new Vue({
el:"#app",
data:{
index:0,
//上限
max:10,
//下限
min:0
},
methods:{
incr(){
//如果值大于等于最大值,就不能加了
if(this.index>=this.max) {
alert("已经最大了");
}else {
this.index++;
}
},
decr(){
//如果值大于等于最小值,就不能减了
if(this.index<=this.min) {
alert("已经最小了");
}else {
this.index--;
}
}
}
})
</script>
</html>
2、显示切换,属性绑定的指令
显示切换:
v-show:
1、根据表达式的真假,切换元素的显示和隐藏。
2、指令后的内容,最终都会解析为布尔值
3、true为显示,false为隐藏
4、数据改变后,对应元素的显示状态会同步更新
5、原理是改变元素的display的值
v-if:
1、根据表达式的真假,切换元素的显示和隐藏。操纵的是DOM元素。也就是控制dom起不起作用。
2、表达式为true,标签元素存在于dom树中,为false,则不存在。
3、指令后的内容,最终都会解析为布尔值
4、频繁的切换状态,使用v-show
属性绑定:
v-bind:
1、设置元素的属性(src\title\class)
2、格式:v-bing:属性名=表达式 或 :属性名=表达式
3、需要动态的增删class,建议使用对象的方式
练习:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="./js/vue.js"></script>
<style>
.active{
border: 3px red solid;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="mask">
<input type="button" value="显或隐" @click="ftm">
<br>
<!-- v-show 控制图片是否显示-->
<img src="./images/00.jpg" v-show="fort" v-bind:title="imgTitle">
<!-- v-if 控制一个标签行是否起作用 v-bind 绑定是src title class 等属性-->
<!-- <img src="./images/01.jpg" v-if="fort" :src="imgSrc" class="active">-->
<!-- <img src="./images/01.jpg" v-if="fort" :src="imgSrc" :class="isActive?'':'active'">-->
<img src="./images/01.jpg" v-if="fort" :src="imgSrc" :class="{active:isActive}">
</div>
</body>
<script>
var app=new Vue({
el:"#mask",
data:{
fort:true,
imgTitle:"大house",
imgSrc:"./images/04.jpg",
isActive:false
},
methods:{
ftm(){
this.fort=!this.fort;
}
}
})
</script>
</html>
案例:
一个图片切换展示器:
分析:
1、创建一个数组,存储图片路径,根据数组下边拿图片
2、左右点击时,修改src中的图片下边
3、当第一张图片时,没有向前的按钮,当最后一张时,没有向后的按钮
样式:
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
html,
body,
#mask {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
#mask {
background-color: #c9c9c9;
position: relative;
}
#mask .center {
position: absolute;
background-color: #fff;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
padding: 10px;
}
#mask .center .title {
position: absolute;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
height: 56px;
top: -61px;
left: 0;
padding: 5px;
padding-left: 10px;
padding-bottom: 0;
color: rgba(175, 47, 47, 0.8);
font-size: 26px;
font-weight: normal;
background-color: white;
padding-right: 50px;
z-index: 2;
}
#mask .center .title img {
height: 40px;
margin-right: 10px;
}
#mask .center .title::before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
width: 0;
height: 0;
border: 65px solid;
border-color: transparent transparent white;
top: -65px;
right: -65px;
z-index: 1;
}
#mask .center > img {
display: block;
width: 700px;
height: 458px;
}
#mask .center a {
text-decoration: none;
width: 45px;
height: 100px;
position: absolute;
top: 179px;
vertical-align: middle;
opacity: 0.5;
}
#mask .center a :hover {
opacity: 0.8;
}
#mask .center .left {
left: 15px;
text-align: left;
padding-right: 10px;
border-top-right-radius: 10px;
border-bottom-right-radius: 10px;
}
#mask .center .right {
right: 15px;
text-align: right;
padding-left: 10px;
border-top-left-radius: 10px;
border-bottom-left-radius: 10px;
}
html代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge" />
<title>图片切换</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/imgaeIndex.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="mask">
<div class="center">
<h2 class="title">
<img src="./images/logo.png" alt="">
月球
</h2>
<!-- 图片 -->
<!-- src来控制数组下标-->
<img :src="impage[index]" alt="" />
<!-- 左箭头 -->
<!-- v-on 绑定点击事件 v-show 控制是否显示-->
<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="left" v-on:click="prev" v-show="index>0">
<img src="./images/prev.png" alt="" />
</a>
<!-- 右箭头 -->
<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="right" v-on:click="nx" v-show="index<impage.length-1">
<img src="./images/next.png" alt="" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<script src="./js/vue.js"></script>
</body>
<script>
var app=new Vue({
el:"#mask",
data:{
index:0,
impage:[
"./images/00.jpg",
"./images/01.jpg",
"./images/02.jpg",
"./images/03.jpg",
"./images/04.jpg",
"./images/05.jpg",
"./images/06.jpg",
"./images/07.jpg",
"./images/08.jpg",
"./images/09.jpg",
"./images/10.jpg"
]
},
methods:{
prev(){
this.index--;
},
nx(){
this.index++;
}
}
})
</script>
</html>
3、列表循环,表单元素绑定的指令
列表循环:
v-for:
1、根据数据生成列表结构
2、数组经常和v-for一起使用
3、语法:(item,index) in items (数组中的元素,元素下标) in 数组
4、数组长度的更新可以同步到页面上,是响应式的
v-on的补充:
1、传递自定的参数,也就是方法定义形参,中可以传递实际参数
2、事件修饰符:事件后跟上 .修饰符 ,修饰符有多种
<input type="text" @keyup.enter="方法名"/> 限定enter触发方法
v-model:
1、获取和设置表单元素的值(双向数据绑定)
2、绑定的数据会和表单元素值相关联
练习:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="./js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="mask">
<ul>
<li v-for="(item,index) in namear" :title="item">{{index}}---->{{item}}</li>
</ul>
<h2>=============================</h2>
<ul>
<li v-for="(item,index) in objArr" :title="item">{{index}}---->{{item.name}}</li>
</ul>
<h2>==================================================</h2>
<p1>{{count}}</p1>
<!-- 方法传参-->
<input type="button" value="jia" @click="dolt(1,2)">
<h2>===================================================</h2>
<!-- v-model :给表单元素绑定元素,双向绑定 -->
<input type="text" v-model="message">
{{message}}
</div>
</body>
<script>
var app=new Vue({
el:"#mask",
data:{
namear:["aa","bb","cc"],
objArr:[
{name:"hhh"},
{name:"lll"}
],
count:0,
message:"sdfsdfsljf"
},
methods:{
dolt:function (p1,p2) {
this.count=p1+p2;
}
}
})
</script>
</html>
练习:记事本
样式:
html,
body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
body {
background: #fff;
}
button {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
background: none;
font-size: 100%;
vertical-align: baseline;
font-family: inherit;
font-weight: inherit;
color: inherit;
-webkit-appearance: none;
appearance: none;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}
body {
font: 14px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.4em;
background: #f5f5f5;
color: #4d4d4d;
min-width: 230px;
max-width: 550px;
margin: 0 auto;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
font-weight: 300;
}
:focus {
outline: 0;
}
.hidden {
display: none;
}
#todoapp {
background: #fff;
margin: 180px 0 40px 0;
position: relative;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 25px 50px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
#todoapp input::-webkit-input-placeholder {
font-style: italic;
font-weight: 300;
color: #e6e6e6;
}
#todoapp input::-moz-placeholder {
font-style: italic;
font-weight: 300;
color: #e6e6e6;
}
#todoapp input::input-placeholder {
font-style: italic;
font-weight: 300;
color: gray;
}
#todoapp h1 {
position: absolute;
top: -160px;
width: 100%;
font-size: 60px;
font-weight: 100;
text-align: center;
color: rgba(175, 47, 47, .8);
-webkit-text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
-moz-text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
.new-todo,
.edit {
position: relative;
margin: 0;
width: 100%;
font-size: 24px;
font-family: inherit;
font-weight: inherit;
line-height: 1.4em;
border: 0;
color: inherit;
padding: 6px;
border: 1px solid #999;
box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 5px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
box-sizing: border-box;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}
.new-todo {
padding: 16px;
border: none;
background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.003);
box-shadow: inset 0 -2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);
}
.main {
position: relative;
z-index: 2;
border-top: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
}
.toggle-all {
width: 1px;
height: 1px;
border: none; /* Mobile Safari */
opacity: 0;
position: absolute;
right: 100%;
bottom: 100%;
}
.toggle-all + label {
width: 60px;
height: 34px;
font-size: 0;
position: absolute;
top: -52px;
left: -13px;
-webkit-transform: rotate(90deg);
transform: rotate(90deg);
}
.toggle-all + label:before {
content: "❯";
font-size: 22px;
color: #e6e6e6;
padding: 10px 27px 10px 27px;
}
.toggle-all:checked + label:before {
color: #737373;
}
.todo-list {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
max-height: 420px;
overflow: auto;
}
.todo-list li {
position: relative;
font-size: 24px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ededed;
height: 60px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.todo-list li:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
}
.todo-list .view .index {
position: absolute;
color: gray;
left: 10px;
top: 20px;
font-size: 16px;
}
.todo-list li .toggle {
text-align: center;
width: 40px;
/* auto, since non-WebKit browsers doesn't support input styling */
height: auto;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
margin: auto 0;
border: none; /* Mobile Safari */
-webkit-appearance: none;
appearance: none;
}
.todo-list li .toggle {
opacity: 0;
}
.todo-list li .toggle + label {
/*
Firefox requires `#` to be escaped - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=922433
IE and Edge requires *everything* to be escaped to render, so we do that instead of just the `#` - https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/7157459/
*/
background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%2240%22%20height%3D%2240%22%20viewBox%3D%22-10%20-18%20100%20135%22%3E%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%2250%22%20cy%3D%2250%22%20r%3D%2250%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23ededed%22%20stroke-width%3D%223%22/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: center left;
}
.todo-list li .toggle:checked + label {
background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%2240%22%20height%3D%2240%22%20viewBox%3D%22-10%20-18%20100%20135%22%3E%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%2250%22%20cy%3D%2250%22%20r%3D%2250%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23bddad5%22%20stroke-width%3D%223%22/%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%235dc2af%22%20d%3D%22M72%2025L42%2071%2027%2056l-4%204%2020%2020%2034-52z%22/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}
.todo-list li label {
word-break: break-all;
padding: 15px 15px 15px 60px;
display: block;
line-height: 1.2;
transition: color 0.4s;
}
.todo-list li.completed label {
color: #d9d9d9;
text-decoration: line-through;
}
.todo-list li .destroy {
display: none;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 10px;
bottom: 0;
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
margin: auto 0;
font-size: 30px;
color: #cc9a9a;
margin-bottom: 11px;
transition: color 0.2s ease-out;
}
.todo-list li .destroy:hover {
color: #af5b5e;
}
.todo-list li .destroy:after {
content: "×";
}
.todo-list li:hover .destroy {
display: block;
}
.todo-list li .edit {
display: none;
}
.todo-list li.editing:last-child {
margin-bottom: -1px;
}
.footer {
color: #777;
padding: 10px 15px;
height: 20px;
text-align: center;
border-top: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
}
.footer:before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
height: 50px;
overflow: hidden;
box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 8px 0 -3px #f6f6f6,
0 9px 1px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 16px 0 -6px #f6f6f6,
0 17px 2px -6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}
.todo-count {
float: left;
text-align: left;
}
.todo-count strong {
font-weight: 300;
}
.filters {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
position: absolute;
right: 0;
left: 0;
}
.filters li {
display: inline;
}
.filters li a {
color: inherit;
margin: 3px;
padding: 3px 7px;
text-decoration: none;
border: 1px solid transparent;
border-radius: 3px;
}
.filters li a:hover {
border-color: rgba(175, 47, 47, 0.1);
}
.filters li a.selected {
border-color: rgba(175, 47, 47, 0.2);
}
.clear-completed,
html .clear-completed:active {
float: right;
position: relative;
line-height: 20px;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.clear-completed:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
.info {
margin: 50px auto 0;
color: #bfbfbf;
font-size: 15px;
text-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
text-align: center;
}
.info p {
line-height: 1;
}
.info a {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
font-weight: 400;
}
.info a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
/*
Hack to remove background from Mobile Safari.
Can't use it globally since it destroys checkboxes in Firefox
*/
@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 0) {
.toggle-all,
.todo-list li .toggle {
background: none;
}
.todo-list li .toggle {
height: 40px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 430px) {
.footer {
height: 50px;
}
.filters {
bottom: 10px;
}
}
页面:
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>小黑记事本</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow" />
<meta name="googlebot" content="noindex, nofollow" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./css/Bookindex.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/Bookindex.css">
</head>
<body>
<!-- 主体区域 -->
<section id="todoapp">
<!-- 输入框 -->
<header class="header">
<h1>小黑记事本</h1>
<input
autofocus="autofocus"
autocomplete="off"
placeholder="请输入任务"
class="new-todo"
v-model="context"
@keyup.enter="addContext"
/>
</header>
<!-- 列表区域 -->
<section class="main">
<ul class="todo-list">
<li class="todo" v-for="(item,index) in items">
<div class="view">
<span class="index">{{index+1}}.</span> <label>{{item}}</label>
<button class="destroy" @click="removeItem(index)"></button>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- 统计和清空 -->
<footer class="footer" v-show="items.length>0">
<span class="todo-count"> <strong>{{items.length}}</strong> items left </span>
<button class="clear-completed" @click="clear">
Clear
</button>
</footer>
</section>
<!-- 底部 -->
<footer class="info">
<p>
<a href="http://www.baidu.com"
><img src="./img/logo.png" alt=""
/></a>
</p>
</footer>
<!-- 开发环境版本,包含了有帮助的命令行警告 -->
<script src="./js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
var app=new Vue({
el:"#todoapp",
data:{
//声明一个数组
items:["吃饭饭","睡觉觉","打豆豆"],
context:"好好学习,天天向上"
},
methods:{
//1.添加
addContext(){
this.items.push(this.context)
},
//2.删除
removeItem(index){
this.items.splice(index,1);
},
3.清空
clear(){
this.items=[]
},
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>