Spring-DI依赖注入

6.依赖注入

6.1 构造器注入
前面说过
6.2 set方式注入【重点】

• 依赖注入：set注入
  依赖：bean对象的创建依赖于容器
  注入：bean对象中的所有属性由容器注入
  【环境搭建】
  1.复杂类型

package com.txy.pojo;
public class Address {
    private String address;
    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

2.真实测试对象

package com.txy.pojo;

import java.util.*;

public class Student {
    private String name;
//    引用类型
    private Address address;

    private String[] book;
    private List<String> hobbies;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBook() {
        return book;
    }

    public void setBook(String[] book) {
        this.book = book;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbies() {
        return hobbies;
    }

    public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
        this.hobbies = hobbies;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address +
                ", book=" + Arrays.toString(book) +
                ", hobbies=" + hobbies +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                ", info=" + info +
                '}';
    }
}

3.beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="student" class="com.txy.pojo.Student">

        <!--第一种：普通值注入，value-->
        <property name="name" value="秦江"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

4.测试类

import com.txy.pojo.Student;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.getName());
    }
}

完善注入信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="address" class="com.txy.pojo.Address"/>
    <bean id="student" class="com.txy.pojo.Student">

        <!--第一种：普通值注入，value-->
        <property name="name" value="秦江"/>
        <!--第二种：bean注入，ref-->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>
        <!--数组注入，ref-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>红楼梦</value>
                <value>西游记</value>
                <value>水浒传</value>
                <value>三国演义</value>
            </array>
        </property>
        <!--list-->
        <property name="hobbies">
            <list>
                <value>听歌</value>
                <value>敲代码</value>
                <value>看电影</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <!--Map-->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="13234343"/>
                <entry key="银行卡" value="3425432"/>
            </map>
        </property>

        <!--set-->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>LOL</value>
                <value>COC</value>
                <value>BOB</value>
            </set>
        </property>

        <!--null-->
        <property name="wife">
            <null></null>
        </property>
        <!--properties-->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="学号">20190525</prop>
                <prop key="性别">男</prop>
                <prop key="名字">秦江</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

6.3其他方式
p命名空间注入
加入 xmlns:p=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/p”

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--p命名空间注入-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.txy.pojo.User" p:name="秦江" p:age="18"/>

</beans>

实体类User：

package com.txy.pojo;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

测试：

import com.txy.pojo.Student;
import com.txy.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void test2(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbeans.xml");
//        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        // User.class：显式地声明了类型就不需要每次强转了
        User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
        System.out.println(user);

    }
}

c命名空间注入
在上面的基础上给User实体类添加有参无参构造器，配置以下
在配置文件头添加xmlns:c=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/c”

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--p命名空间注入-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.txy.pojo.User" p:name="秦江" p:age="18"/>
    <!--c命名空间注入，通过构造器注入：constructs-args-->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.txy.pojo.User" c:name="狂神" c:age="18"/>

</beans>

测试：

    @Test
    public void test2(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbeans.xml");
//        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        // User.class：显式地声明了类型就不需要每次强转了
        User user = context.getBean("user2", User.class);
        System.out.println(user);

    }

注意点：p命名和c命名不能直接使用，需要导入约束