【数值分析实验】非线性方程求根：二分法、牛顿迭代法、弦截法（python）

非线性方程求根

调包

import math
import sympy as sp

二分法

#二分法
def Dichotomy(a,b,fStr,epsilon = 1e-6,eta = 1e-9):
    def f(x):
        return globals()[fStr](x)
    n = 0
    fa = f(a)
    fb = f(b)
    if fa * fb >= 0:
        print("算法失败")
        return 
    while abs(b - a) > epsilon:
        x = (a + b) / 2
        fx = f(x)
        if abs(fx) < eta:
            return x,n
        else:
            if fa * fx < 0:
                b = x
                fb = fx
            else:
                a = x
                fa = fx
        n += 1
    return x,n

牛顿迭代法

#牛顿迭代法
def Newton(x0,fStr,epsilon = 1e-6,eta = 1e-9,N = 1000):
    def f(x):
        return globals()[fStr](x)
    def f_(x):
        x_ = sp.symbols("x_")
        return sp.diff(f(x_),x_).evalf(subs={x_:x})
    n = 0   
    while True:
        if f_(x0) == 0 or n > N:
            print("算法失败")
            return 
        x1 = x0 - f(x0) / f_(x0)
        n += 1
        if abs(x1 - x0) < epsilon or abs(f(x1)) < eta:
            return x1,n
        x0 = x1

单点弦截法

#单点弦截法
def SinglePoint(x0,x1,fStr,epsilon = 1e-6,eta = 1e-9,N = 1000):
    def f(x):
        return globals()[fStr](x)
    n = 0
    while True:
        x2 = x1 - f(x1) / (f(x1) - f(x0)) * (x1 - x0)
        n += 1
        if abs(x2 - x1) < epsilon or abs(f(x2)) < eta:
            return x2,n
        x1 = x2

两点弦截法

#两点弦截法
def DoublePoint(x0,x1,fStr,epsilon = 1e-6,eta = 1e-9,N = 1000):
    def f(x):
        return globals()[fStr](x)
    n = 0
    while True:
        x2 = x1 - f(x1) / (f(x1) - f(x0)) * (x1 - x0)
        n += 1
        if abs(x2 - x1) < epsilon or abs(f(x2)) < eta:
            return x2,n
        x0 = x1
        x1 = x2

例题

def f1(x):
    return x**3 + x**2 - 3 * x - 3

q1 = Dichotomy(1,2,"f1")
print("二分法：",q1)

originNums = [1,1.25,1.5,2,3]
print("\n牛顿迭代法：")
for i in originNums:
    print("当初值为" + str(i) + "时，f(x)的根为：",Newton(i,"f1")[0])
    print("迭代次数：",Newton(i,"f1")[1])

points = [[0,3],[1,2],[1.3,1.7],[1.4,1.6]]
print("\n单点弦截法：")
for i in points:
    print("当x0=" + str(i[0]) + ",x1=" + str(i[1]) + "时：")
    print("单点弦截法结果：",SinglePoint(i[0],i[1],"f1")[0],"  迭代次数：",SinglePoint(i[0],i[1],"f1")[1])
print("\n两点弦截法：")
for i in points:
    print("当x0=" + str(i[0]) + ",x1=" + str(i[1]) + "时：")
    print("两点弦截法结果：",DoublePoint(i[0],i[1],"f1")[0],"  迭代次数：",DoublePoint(i[0],i[1],"f1")[1])

结果如下：（原方程根为1.732051）