ARM Linux 开启 CMUX 功能以及测试代码

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-12 09:36:23 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46158019/article/details/137581654

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一、CMUX 介绍

CMUX，即串口多路复用，是一种用于在串行通信中实现多路复用的协议。它允许在单个串行连接上同时传输多个数据流，从而解决了多个数据流同时发送的问题。具体来说，CMUX协议利用一个底层物理串口，向上层系统提供多个逻辑串口，每个逻辑串口对应着一个数据链路连接（DLC）。这样，就可以在一条串行接口上同时存在多个会话，如语音、FAX、数据、SMS、GPRS、USSD等。当正在进行传真、数据或GPRS呼叫时，这种多路复用特别有利，因为控制模块或使用SMS服务可以通过附加信道完成，而不会干扰数据流，也无需访问第二个UART。
CMUX协议包通常包括地址字段、控制字段、数据字段和校验字段。地址字段指定数据包的目标设备或通道；控制字段包含用于管理多路复用连接的控制信息，如连接建立、断开等；数据字段是实际传输的数据内容；校验字段用于校验数据包的完整性，确保数据在传输过程中没有损坏。
总的来说CMUX（ Connection Multiplexing ），即连接（串口）多路复用，其功能主要在一个真实的物理通道上虚拟多个通道，每个虚拟通道上的连接和数据通讯可独立进行。串口的多路复用器模式，就是使一个串行接口能够将数据传输到四个不同的客户应用程序。CMUX 的设计需求来自于蜂窝模块：蜂窝模块作为一种基础通信模块，设计时就有电话，短信，上网等需求，但通常模块上的片上外设资源比较少，于是 GSMMUX 应运而生。GSM0707/GSM0710 协议提供了解决问题的方法，在同一个串口上同时传输 AT, PPP, MODEM 等数据而互不干扰，也就是可以传输电话，上网，短信等数据。GSMMUX 可以解决在一个串口上与蜂窝模块通信传输多种数据的场景，那 CMUX 就同样可以解决在两个 CMUX 上只使用一个物理串口传输多种 APP 数据的使用场景。

RT-Thread 关于CMUX的介绍
在这里插入图片描述
CMUX 是一种类似于传输层的协议，用户使用时无法感知该层；数据传输依赖一个真实串口传输，cmux 层负责解析数据用以分发到不同的 virtual uart ；从而实现一个真实串口虚拟出多个 UART 的目的。
CMUX 在应用场景中多用于 UART, 如有必要也可以支持 SPI 方式。
RT-Thread软件包CMUX
支持所有基于 GSM0707 / GSM0710 协议的蜂窝模块
1.兼容 PPP_DEVICE 软件包，实现 CMUX＋PPP 场景，在一个串口上同时传输 AT 命令与 PPP 数据；解决PPP 通信独占一个物理串口的问题。
2.CMUX 的 GSM 功能已经在 Luat Air720, SIM7600, SIM800C 模块测试通过。
在这里插入图片描述
支持通过一个真实串口虚拟出多个串口。
1.CMUX 协议限制，理论上一个物理串口最多可以虚拟出 63 个虚拟串口。
2.虚拟出的串口使用与真实串口一致，拥有 open，write，read 操作，设置 rx_indicate 接收回调。
3.两方的 MCU 接收时要注意 DLCI ( Data Link Connection Identifier ) 数据链路连接接标识，相同的 DLCI 才可以互相正常通信。

二、CMUX 帧结构

多路复用有三种操作模式：基本模式、带错误恢复功能的高级模式、不带错误恢复功能的高级模式（具体可以参见GSM 07.10协议）。不同的GPRS模块也支持不同的模式。
在这里插入图片描述
其中，帧类型可分控制帧和信息帧。

CMUX双方通过控制帧协商用以构建、拆除虚拟链路，控制帧又为以下几种：

SABM：建立DLC

UA：响应SABM帧或DISC帧

DM：链路未成功建立时，对收到的DISC命令的响应

DISC：通知对端拆除链接，在DLC0发送DISC帧，等于退出MUX功能

信息帧：

UIH\ UI \ I：这三种是信息帧，也就是携带要传输数据的帧。

三、Linux 内核配置

要在Linux下使用模块的CMUX功能，需要在内核中开启相应的支持，开启方法见下图。
搜索 N_GSM 确定位置并查看是否开启。
在这里插入图片描述
N_GSM是否，则需要开启如下功能

此时再查看N_GSM 则变为y

内核编译，下载到开发板。

官方测试代码：

//gsmmux.h 文件
#ifndef _LINUX_GSMMUX_H
#define _LINUX_GSMMUX_H

struct gsm_config
{
	unsigned int adaption;
	unsigned int encapsulation;
	unsigned int initiator;
	unsigned int t1;
	unsigned int t2;
	unsigned int t3;
	unsigned int n2;
	unsigned int mru;
	unsigned int mtu;
	unsigned int k;
	unsigned int i;
	unsigned int unused[8];		/* Padding for expansion without
					   breaking stuff */
};

#define GSMIOC_GETCONF		_IOR('G', 0, struct gsm_config)
#define GSMIOC_SETCONF		_IOW('G', 1, struct gsm_config)

struct gsm_netconfig {
	unsigned int adaption;  /* Adaption to use in network mode */
	unsigned short protocol;/* Protocol to use - only ETH_P_IP supported */
	unsigned short unused2;
	char if_name[IFNAMSIZ];	/* interface name format string */
	__u8 unused[28];        /* For future use */
};

#define GSMIOC_ENABLE_NET      _IOW('G', 2, struct gsm_netconfig)
#define GSMIOC_DISABLE_NET     _IO('G', 3)


#endif

//cmux.c文件
/**
*	Cmux
*	Enables GSM 0710 multiplex using n_gsm
*
*	Copyright (C) 2013 - Rtone - Nicolas Le Manchet <nicolaslm@rtone.fr>
*
*	This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
*	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
*	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
*	(at your option) any later version.
*
*	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
*	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
*	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
*	GNU General Public License for more details.
*
*	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
*	along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <signal.h>
/** 
*	gsmmux.h provides n_gsm line dicipline structures and functions. 
*	It should be kept in sync with your kernel release.
*/
#include "gsmmux.h"

/* n_gsm ioctl */
#ifndef N_GSM0710
# define N_GSM0710	21
#endif

/* attach a line discipline ioctl */
#ifndef TIOCSETD
# define TIOCSETD	0x5423
#endif

/* serial port of the modem */
#define SERIAL_PORT	"/dev/ttyS1"

/* line speed */
#define LINE_SPEED	B115200

/* maximum transfert unit (MTU), value in bytes */
#define MTU	512

/**
* whether or not to create virtual TTYs for the multiplex
*	0 : do not create
*	1 : create
*/
#define CREATE_NODES	1

/* number of virtual TTYs to create (most modems can handle up to 4) */
#define NUM_NODES	4

/* name of the virtual TTYs to create */
#define BASENAME_NODES	"/dev/ttyGSM"

/* name of the driver, used to get the major number */
#define DRIVER_NAME	"gsmtty"

/**
* whether or not to print debug messages to stderr
*	0 : debug off
*	1 : debug on
*/
#define DEBUG	1

/**
* whether or not to detach the program from the terminal
*	0 : do not daemonize
*	1 : daemonize
*/
#define DAEMONIZE	1

 /* size of the reception buffer which gets data from the serial line */
#define SIZE_BUF	256


/**
*	Prints debug messages to stderr if debug is wanted
*/
static void dbg(char *fmt, ...) {
	
	va_list args;

	if (DEBUG) {
		fflush(NULL);
		va_start(args, fmt);
		vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
		va_end(args);
		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
		fflush(NULL);
	}
	return;
}

/**
*	Sends an AT command to the specified line and gets its result
*	Returns  0 on success
*			-1 on failure
*/
int send_at_command(int serial_fd, char *command) {
	
	char buf[SIZE_BUF];
	int r;

	/* write the AT command to the serial line */
	if (write(serial_fd, command, strlen(command)) <= 0)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot write to %s", SERIAL_PORT);
	
	/* wait a bit to allow the modem to rest */
	sleep(1);

	/* read the result of the command from the modem */
	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
	r = read(serial_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
	if (r == -1)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot read %s", SERIAL_PORT);
	
	/* if there is no result from the modem, return failure */
	if (r == 0) {
		dbg("%s\t: No response", command);
		return -1;
	}

	/* if we have a result and want debug info, strip CR & LF out from the output */
	if (DEBUG) {
		int i;
		char bufp[SIZE_BUF];
		memcpy(bufp, buf, sizeof(buf));
		for(i=0; i<strlen(bufp); i++) {
			if (bufp[i] == '\r' || bufp[i] == '\n')
				bufp[i] = ' ';
		}
		dbg("%s\t: %s", command, bufp);
	}

	/* if the output shows "OK" return success */
	if (strstr(buf, "OK\r") != NULL) {
		return 0;
	}
	
	return -1;		

}

/**
*	Function raised by signal catching
*/
void signal_callback_handler(int signum) {
	return;
}

/**
*	Gets the major number of the driver device
*	Returns  the major number on success
*			-1 on failure
*/
int get_major(char *driver) {

	FILE *fp;
	char *line = NULL;
	size_t len = 0;
	ssize_t read;
	char device[20];
	int major = -1;
	
	/* open /proc/devices file */
	if ((fp = fopen("/proc/devices", "r")) == NULL)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot open /proc/devices");

	/* read the file line by line */
	while ((major == -1) && (read = getline(&line, &len, fp)) != -1) {
		
		/* if the driver name string is found in the line, try to get the major */
		if (strstr(line, driver) != NULL) {
			if (sscanf(line,"%d %s\n", &major, device) != 2)
				major = -1;
		}
		
		/* free the line before getting a new one */
		if (line) {
			free(line);
			line = NULL;
		}

	}

	/* close /proc/devices file */
	fclose(fp);

	return major;
}

/**
*	Creates nodes for the virtual TTYs
*	Returns the number of nodes created
*/
int make_nodes(int major, char *basename, int number_nodes) {

	int minor, created = 0;
	dev_t device;
	char node_name[15];
	mode_t oldmask;

	/* set a new mask to get 666 mode and stores the old one */
	oldmask = umask(0);

	for (minor=1; minor<number_nodes+1; minor++) {

		/* append the minor number to the base name */
		sprintf(node_name, "%s%d", basename, minor);
		
		/* store a device info with major and minor */
		device = makedev(major, minor);
		
		/* create the actual character node */
		if (mknod(node_name, S_IFCHR | 0666, device) != 0) {
			warn("Cannot create %s", node_name);
		} else {
			created++;
			dbg("Created %s", node_name);
		}

	}

	/* revert the mask to the old one */
	umask(oldmask);

	return created;
}

/**
*	Removes previously created TTY nodes
*	Returns nothing, it doesn't really matter if it fails
*/
void remove_nodes(char *basename, int number_nodes) {

	int node;
	char node_name[15];

	for (node=1; node<number_nodes+1; node++) {

		/* append the minor number to the base name */
		sprintf(node_name, "%s%d", basename, node);
			
		/* unlink the actual character node */
		dbg("Removing %s", node_name);
		if (unlink(node_name) == -1)
			warn("Cannot remove %s", node_name);

	}

	return;
}

int main(void) {

	int serial_fd, major;
	struct termios tio;
	int ldisc = N_GSM0710;
	struct gsm_config gsm;
	char atcommand[40];

	/* print global parameters */
	dbg("SERIAL_PORT = %s", SERIAL_PORT);

	/* open the serial port */
	serial_fd = open(SERIAL_PORT, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY);
	if (serial_fd == -1)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot open %s", SERIAL_PORT);
	
	/* get the current attributes of the serial port */
	if (tcgetattr(serial_fd, &tio) == -1)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot get line attributes");
	
	/* set the new attrbiutes */
	tio.c_iflag = 0;
	tio.c_oflag = 0;
	tio.c_cflag = CS8 | CREAD | CLOCAL;
	tio.c_cflag |= CRTSCTS;
	tio.c_lflag = 0;
	tio.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
	tio.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
	
	/* write the speed of the serial line */
	if (cfsetospeed(&tio, LINE_SPEED) < 0 || cfsetispeed(&tio, LINE_SPEED) < 0)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot set line speed");
	
	/* write the attributes */
	if (tcsetattr(serial_fd, TCSANOW, &tio) == -1)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot set line attributes");

	/**
	*	Send AT commands to put the modem in CMUX mode.
	*	This is vendor specific and should be changed 
	*	to fit your modem needs.
	*	The following matches Quectel M95.
	*/
	if (send_at_command(serial_fd, "AT+IFC=2,2\r") == -1)
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "AT+IFC=2,2: bad response");	
	if (send_at_command(serial_fd, "AT+GMM\r") == -1)
		warnx("AT+GMM: bad response");
	if (send_at_command(serial_fd, "AT\r") == -1)
		warnx("AT: bad response");
	if (send_at_command(serial_fd, "AT+IPR=115200&w\r") == -1)
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "AT+IPR=115200&w: bad response");
	sprintf(atcommand, "AT+CMUX=0,0,5,%d,10,3,30,10,2\r", MTU);
	if (send_at_command(serial_fd, atcommand) == -1)
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot enable modem CMUX");

	/* use n_gsm line discipline */
	sleep(2);
	if (ioctl(serial_fd, TIOCSETD, &ldisc) < 0)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot set line dicipline. Is 'n_gsm' module registred?");

	/* get n_gsm configuration */
	if (ioctl(serial_fd, GSMIOC_GETCONF, &gsm) < 0)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot get GSM multiplex parameters");

	/* set and write new attributes */
	gsm.initiator = 1;
	gsm.encapsulation = 0;
	gsm.mru = MTU;
	gsm.mtu = MTU;
	gsm.t1 = 10;
	gsm.n2 = 3;
	gsm.t2 = 30;
	gsm.t3 = 10;

	if (ioctl(serial_fd, GSMIOC_SETCONF, &gsm) < 0)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot set GSM multiplex parameters");
	dbg("Line dicipline set");
	
	/* create the virtual TTYs */
	if (CREATE_NODES) {
		int created;
		if ((major = get_major(DRIVER_NAME)) < 0)
			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot get major number");
		if ((created = make_nodes(major, BASENAME_NODES, NUM_NODES)) < NUM_NODES)
			warnx("Cannot create all nodes, only %d/%d have been created.", created, NUM_NODES);
	}

	/* detach from the terminal if needed */
	if (DAEMONIZE) {
		dbg("Going to background");
		if (daemon(0,0) != 0)
			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot daemonize");
	}

	/* wait to keep the line discipline enabled, wake it up with a signal */
	signal(SIGINT, signal_callback_handler);
	signal(SIGTERM, signal_callback_handler);
	pause();
	
	/* remove the created virtual TTYs */
	if (CREATE_NODES) {
		remove_nodes(BASENAME_NODES, NUM_NODES);
	}

	/* close the serial line */
	close(serial_fd);

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

//Makefile 文件

CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-Wall

all: cmux

program: cmux.c

clean:
	rm -f cmux

run: cmux
	./cmux

遇到的问题

./cmux: Cannot read /dev/ttyS2: Resource temporarily unavailable

在这里插入图片描述
解决如下，但是测试没成功…

I had the similar problem, after adding .c_lflag &= ~(ECHO | ECHONL | ICANON | IEXTEN | ISIG)
it works.

在这里插入图片描述
修改cmux.c 代码如下：

/**
*	Cmux
*	Enables GSM 0710 multiplex using n_gsm
*
*	Copyright (C) 2013 - Rtone - Nicolas Le Manchet <nicolaslm@rtone.fr>
*
*	This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
*	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
*	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
*	(at your option) any later version.
*
*	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
*	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
*	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
*	GNU General Public License for more details.
*
*	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
*	along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <errno.h>
/** 
*	gsmmux.h provides n_gsm line dicipline structures and functions. 
*	It should be kept in sync with your kernel release.
*/
#include "gsmmux.h"

/* n_gsm ioctl */
#ifndef N_GSM0710
# define N_GSM0710	21
#endif

/* attach a line discipline ioctl */
#ifndef TIOCSETD
# define TIOCSETD	0x5423
#endif

/* serial port of the modem */
#define SERIAL_PORT	"/dev/ttyS2"

/* line speed */
#define LINE_SPEED	B115200

/* maximum transfert unit (MTU), value in bytes */
#define MTU	512

/**
* whether or not to create virtual TTYs for the multiplex
*	0 : do not create
*	1 : create
*/
#define CREATE_NODES	1

/* number of virtual TTYs to create (most modems can handle up to 4) */
#define NUM_NODES	4

/* name of the virtual TTYs to create */
#define BASENAME_NODES	"/dev/ttyGSM"

/* name of the driver, used to get the major number */
#define DRIVER_NAME	"gsmtty"

/**
* whether or not to print debug messages to stderr
*	0 : debug off
*	1 : debug on
*/
#define DEBUG	1

/**
* whether or not to detach the program from the terminal
*	0 : do not daemonize
*	1 : daemonize
*/
#define DAEMONIZE	1

 /* size of the reception buffer which gets data from the serial line */
#define SIZE_BUF	256


/**
*	Prints debug messages to stderr if debug is wanted
*/
static void dbg(char *fmt, ...) {
	
	va_list args;

	if (DEBUG) {
		fflush(NULL);
		va_start(args, fmt);
		vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
		va_end(args);
		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
		fflush(NULL);
	}
	return;
}

/**
*	Sends an AT command to the specified line and gets its result
*	Returns  0 on success
*			-1 on failure
*/
int send_at_command(int serial_fd, char *command) {
	
	char buf[SIZE_BUF];
	int r;

	/* write the AT command to the serial line */
	if (write(serial_fd, command, strlen(command)) <= 0)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot write to %s", SERIAL_PORT);
	
	/* wait a bit to allow the modem to rest */
	sleep(1);

	/* read the result of the command from the modem */
	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
	r = read(serial_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
	if (r == -1)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot read %s", SERIAL_PORT);
	
	/* if there is no result from the modem, return failure */
	if (r == 0) {
		dbg("%s\t: No response", command);
		return -1;
	}

	/* if we have a result and want debug info, strip CR & LF out from the output */
	if (DEBUG) {
		int i;
		char bufp[SIZE_BUF];
		memcpy(bufp, buf, sizeof(buf));
		for(i=0; i<strlen(bufp); i++) {
			if (bufp[i] == '\r' || bufp[i] == '\n')
				bufp[i] = ' ';
		}
		dbg("%s\t: %s", command, bufp);
	}

	/* if the output shows "OK" return success */
	if (strstr(buf, "OK\r") != NULL) {
		return 0;
	}
	
	return -1;		

}

/**
*	Function raised by signal catching
*/
void signal_callback_handler(int signum) {
	return;
}

/**
*	Gets the major number of the driver device
*	Returns  the major number on success
*			-1 on failure
*/
int get_major(char *driver) {

	FILE *fp;
	char *line = NULL;
	size_t len = 0;
	ssize_t read;
	char device[20];
	int major = -1;
	
	/* open /proc/devices file */
	if ((fp = fopen("/proc/devices", "r")) == NULL)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot open /proc/devices");

	/* read the file line by line */
	while ((major == -1) && (read = getline(&line, &len, fp)) != -1) {
		
		/* if the driver name string is found in the line, try to get the major */
		if (strstr(line, driver) != NULL) {
			if (sscanf(line,"%d %s\n", &major, device) != 2)
				major = -1;
		}
		
		/* free the line before getting a new one */
		if (line) {
			free(line);
			line = NULL;
		}

	}

	/* close /proc/devices file */
	fclose(fp);

	return major;
}

/**
*	Creates nodes for the virtual TTYs
*	Returns the number of nodes created
*/
int make_nodes(int major, char *basename, int number_nodes) {

	int minor, created = 0;
	dev_t device;
	char node_name[15];
	mode_t oldmask;

	/* set a new mask to get 666 mode and stores the old one */
	oldmask = umask(0);

	for (minor=1; minor<number_nodes+1; minor++) {

		/* append the minor number to the base name */
		sprintf(node_name, "%s%d", basename, minor);
		
		/* store a device info with major and minor */
		device = makedev(major, minor);
		
		/* create the actual character node */
		if (mknod(node_name, S_IFCHR | 0666, device) != 0) {
			warn("Cannot create %s", node_name);
		} else {
			created++;
			dbg("Created %s", node_name);
		}

	}

	/* revert the mask to the old one */
	umask(oldmask);

	return created;
}

/**
*	Removes previously created TTY nodes
*	Returns nothing, it doesn't really matter if it fails
*/
void remove_nodes(char *basename, int number_nodes) {

	int node;
	char node_name[15];

	for (node=1; node<number_nodes+1; node++) {

		/* append the minor number to the base name */
		sprintf(node_name, "%s%d", basename, node);
			
		/* unlink the actual character node */
		dbg("Removing %s", node_name);
		if (unlink(node_name) == -1)
			warn("Cannot remove %s", node_name);

	}

	return;
}

static int fd; /* 串口终端对应的文件描述符 */
static struct termios old_cfg; /* 用于保存终端的配置参数 */
typedef struct uart_hardware_cfg {
    unsigned int baudrate;  /* 波特率 */
    unsigned char dbit;     /* 数据位 */
    char parity;    /* 奇偶校验 */
    unsigned char sbit; /* 停止位 */
}uart_cfg_t;
/**
 ** 串口配置
 ** 参数cfg指向一个uart_cfg_t结构体对象
 **/
static int uart_cfg(const uart_cfg_t *cfg)
{
    struct termios new_cfg = {0};   //将new_cfg对象清零
    speed_t speed;

    /* 设置为原始模式 */
    cfmakeraw(&new_cfg);

    /* 使能接收 */
    new_cfg.c_cflag |= CREAD;

    /* 设置波特率 */
    switch (cfg->baudrate) {
    case 1200: speed = B1200;
        break;
    case 1800: speed = B1800;
        break;
    case 2400: speed = B2400;
        break;
    case 4800: speed = B4800;
        break;
    case 9600: speed = B9600;
        break;
    case 19200: speed = B19200;
        break;
    case 38400: speed = B38400;
        break;
    case 57600: speed = B57600;
        break;
    case 115200: speed = B115200;
        break;
    case 230400: speed = B230400;
        break;
    case 460800: speed = B460800;
        break;
    case 500000: speed = B500000;
        break;
    default:    //默认配置为115200
        speed = B115200;
        printf("default baud rate: 115200\n");
        break;
    }

    if (0 > cfsetspeed(&new_cfg, speed)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "cfsetspeed error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }

    /* 设置数据位大小 */
    new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE;  //将数据位相关的比特位清零
    switch (cfg->dbit) {
    case 5:
        new_cfg.c_cflag |= CS5;
        break;
    case 6:
        new_cfg.c_cflag |= CS6;
        break;
    case 7:
        new_cfg.c_cflag |= CS7;
        break;
    case 8:
        new_cfg.c_cflag |= CS8;
        break;
    default:    //默认数据位大小为8
        new_cfg.c_cflag |= CS8;
//        printf("default data bit size: 8\n");
        break;
    }

    /* 设置奇偶校验 */
    switch (cfg->parity) {
    case 'N':       //无校验
        new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~PARENB;
        new_cfg.c_iflag &= ~INPCK;
        break;
    case 'O':       //奇校验
        new_cfg.c_cflag |= (PARODD | PARENB);
        new_cfg.c_iflag |= INPCK;
        break;
    case 'E':       //偶校验
        new_cfg.c_cflag |= PARENB;
        new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~PARODD; /* 清除PARODD标志，配置为偶校验 */
        new_cfg.c_iflag |= INPCK;
        break;
    default:    //默认配置为无校验
        new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~PARENB;
        new_cfg.c_iflag &= ~INPCK;
//        printf("default parity: N\n");
        break;
    }

    /* 设置停止位 */
    switch (cfg->sbit) {
    case 1:     //1个停止位
        new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;
        break;
    case 2:     //2个停止位
        new_cfg.c_cflag |= CSTOPB;
        break;
    default:    //默认配置为1个停止位
        new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;
//        printf("default stop bit size: 1\n");
        break;
    }

    /* 将MIN和TIME设置为0 */
    new_cfg.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
    new_cfg.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;

    /* 清空缓冲区 */
    if (0 > tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "tcflush error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }

    /* 写入配置、使配置生效 */
    if (0 > tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &new_cfg)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "tcsetattr error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }

    /* 配置OK 退出 */
    return 0;
}

int main(void) {

	int serial_fd, major;
	struct termios tio;
	int ldisc = N_GSM0710;
	struct gsm_config gsm;
	char atcommand[40];
	uart_cfg_t cfg = {0};

	/* print global parameters */
	dbg("SERIAL_PORT = %s", SERIAL_PORT);

	/* open the serial port */
	serial_fd = open(SERIAL_PORT, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY);
	if (serial_fd == -1)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot open %s", SERIAL_PORT);

	fd=serial_fd;

	    /* 获取串口当前的配置参数 */
    if (0 > tcgetattr(fd, &old_cfg)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "tcgetattr error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        close(fd);
        return -1;
    }
	    /* 设置波特率 */
    cfg.baudrate = 115200;

    /* 串口配置 */
    if (uart_cfg(&cfg)) {
        tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &old_cfg);   //恢复到之前的配置
        close(fd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
	
	/* get the current attributes of the serial port */
	if (tcgetattr(serial_fd, &tio) == -1)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot get line attributes");
	
	// /* set the new attrbiutes */
	// tio.c_iflag = 0;
	// tio.c_oflag = 0;
	// tio.c_cflag = CS8 | CREAD | CLOCAL;
	// tio.c_cflag |= CRTSCTS;
	// tio.c_lflag = 0;
	// tio.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
	// tio.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
	
	/* write the speed of the serial line */
	if (cfsetospeed(&tio, LINE_SPEED) < 0 || cfsetispeed(&tio, LINE_SPEED) < 0)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot set line speed");
	
	/* write the attributes */
	if (tcsetattr(serial_fd, TCSANOW, &tio) == -1)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot set line attributes");

	/**
	*	Send AT commands to put the modem in CMUX mode.
	*	This is vendor specific and should be changed 
	*	to fit your modem needs.
	*	The following matches Quectel M95.
	*/
    printf("0\r\n");
	if (send_at_command(serial_fd, "AT\r\n") == -1)
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "AT: bad response");	
    printf("1\r\n");
	if (send_at_command(serial_fd, "AT+IFC=2,2\r\n") == -1)
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "AT+IFC=2,2: bad response");	

    printf("2\r\n");
	if (send_at_command(serial_fd, "AT+GMM\r\n") == -1)
		warnx("AT+GMM: bad response");

    printf("3\r\n");
	if (send_at_command(serial_fd, "AT\r") == -1)
		warnx("AT: bad response");

    printf("4\r\n");
	if (send_at_command(serial_fd, "AT+IPR=115200&w\r") == -1)
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "AT+IPR=115200&w: bad response");

    printf("5\r\n");
	sprintf(atcommand, "AT+CMUX=0,0,5,%d,10,3,30,10,2\r", MTU);
	if (send_at_command(serial_fd, atcommand) == -1)
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot enable modem CMUX");

    printf("6\r\n");

	/* use n_gsm line discipline */
	sleep(2);
	if (ioctl(serial_fd, TIOCSETD, &ldisc) < 0)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot set line dicipline. Is 'n_gsm' module registred?");

	/* get n_gsm configuration */
	if (ioctl(serial_fd, GSMIOC_GETCONF, &gsm) < 0)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot get GSM multiplex parameters");

	/* set and write new attributes */
	gsm.initiator = 1;
	gsm.encapsulation = 0;
	gsm.mru = MTU;
	gsm.mtu = MTU;
	gsm.t1 = 10;
	gsm.n2 = 3;
	gsm.t2 = 30;
	gsm.t3 = 10;

	if (ioctl(serial_fd, GSMIOC_SETCONF, &gsm) < 0)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot set GSM multiplex parameters");
	dbg("Line dicipline set");
	
	/* create the virtual TTYs */
	if (CREATE_NODES) {
		int created;
		if ((major = get_major(DRIVER_NAME)) < 0)
			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot get major number");
		if ((created = make_nodes(major, BASENAME_NODES, NUM_NODES)) < NUM_NODES)
			warnx("Cannot create all nodes, only %d/%d have been created.", created, NUM_NODES);
	}

	/* detach from the terminal if needed */
	if (DAEMONIZE) {
		dbg("Going to background");
		if (daemon(0,0) != 0)
			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot daemonize");
	}

	/* wait to keep the line discipline enabled, wake it up with a signal */
	signal(SIGINT, signal_callback_handler);
	signal(SIGTERM, signal_callback_handler);
	pause();
	
	/* remove the created virtual TTYs */
	if (CREATE_NODES) {
		remove_nodes(BASENAME_NODES, NUM_NODES);
	}

	/* close the serial line */
	close(serial_fd);

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

不在报上面的错误。

四、Air724UG启动CMUX模式

通常模块发送AT＋CMUX命令来激活多路复用，该命令格式为：
在这里插入图片描述
参数定义：

参考：
https://oldask.openluat.com/article/1077
https://doc.openluat.com/wiki/6?wiki_page_id=557
https://github.com/Rtone/cmux/tree/master
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.9/driver-api/serial/n_gsm.html
https://docs.kernel.org/driver-api/tty/n_gsm.html
https://docs.kernel.org/6.2/driver-api/tty/n_gsm.html
https://blog.csdn.net/FILLMOREad/article/details/106416867
https://community.toradex.com/t/uart-dev-ttylp1-resource-temporarily-unavailable-on-read/5272/3

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ARM Linux 开启 CMUX 功能以及测试代码

CMUX，即串口多路复用，是一种用于在串行通信中实现多路复用的协议。它允许在单个串行连接上同时传输多个数据流，从而解决了多个数据流同时发送的问题。具体来说，CMUX协议利用一个底层物理串口，向上层系统提供多个逻辑串口，每个逻辑串口对应着一个数据链路连接（DLC）。这样，就可以在一条串行接口上同时存在多个会话，如语音、FAX、数据、SMS、GPRS、USSD等。
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