测量c++，java，python，go程序运行时间

目的

1. 用语言自带的时间库测量程序运行的时间

2. 比较相同基础代码(以冒泡排序为例)下语言的运行速度

---

cpp (gcc 10.2)

// 核心部分
auto start = system_clock::now();
//...代码部分
auto finish = system_clock::now();
auto duration = duration_cast<microseconds>(finish - start);
auto cost = double(duration.count()) * microseconds::period::num / microseconds::period::den;
// ===========================

// 完整代码
#include "iostream"
#include "chrono"
#include "vector"

using namespace std;
using namespace chrono;

void bubbleSort(vector<int> &a) {
    int len_a = (int) a.size();
    for (int j = 0; j < len_a - 1; ++j) {
        for (int i = 0; i < len_a - 1 - j; ++i) {
            if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
                int temp = a[i];
                a[i] = a[i + 1];
                a[i + 1] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    auto arr = vector<int>{};
    for (int i = 0; i < 3000; ++i) {
        arr.push_back(10 - i);
    }
    auto start = system_clock::now();
    bubbleSort(arr);
    auto finish = system_clock::now();
    auto duration = duration_cast<microseconds>(finish - start);
    auto cost = double(duration.count()) * microseconds::period::num / microseconds::period::den;
    for (const auto &item : arr) {
        cout << item << "\n";
    }
    cout << "cost: " << cost << "ms" << endl;
}

java (jdk15)

// 核心部分
long start = System.nanoTime();
//...代码部分
long finish = System.nanoTime();
double cost = (double) (finish - start) / 1000000;
// ===========================

// 完整代码
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<Integer> arr = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 3000; i++) {
            arr.add(10 - i);
        }
        long start = System.nanoTime();
        bubbleSort(arr);
        long finish = System.nanoTime();
        double cost = (double) (finish - start) / 1000000;
        for (Integer integer : arr) {
            System.out.println(integer);
        }
        System.out.println("cost: " + cost + "ms");

    }

    public static void bubbleSort(ArrayList<Integer> a) {
        int lenA = a.size();
        int t1, t2;
        for (int j = 0; j < lenA - 1; j++) {
            for (int i = 0; i < lenA - 1 - j; i++) {
                if ((t1 = a.get(i)) > (t2 = a.get(i + 1))) {
                    a.set(i, t2);
                    a.set(i + 1, t1);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

python (python 3.9.2)

# 核心部分
start = time.time()
# ...代码部分
finish = time.time()
cost = (finish - start) * 1000
# ===========================

# 完整代码
import time


def bubbleSort(a: list):
    len_a = len(a)
    for j in range(len_a - 1):
        for i in range(len_a - 1 - j):
            if a[i] > a[i + 1]:
                a[i], a[i + 1] = a[i + 1], a[i]


def main():
    arr = [10 - x for x in range(3000)]
    start = time.time()
    bubbleSort(arr)
    finish = time.time()
    for el in arr:
        print(el)
    cost = (finish - start) * 1000
    print("cost: ", cost, "ms", sep='')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

go (1.16.4)

// 核心部分
start = time.time()
//...代码部分
finish = time.time()
cost = (finish - start) * 1000
// ===========================

// 完整代码
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	var arr []int
	for i := 0; i < 3000; i++ {
		arr = append(arr, 10-i)
	}
	start := time.Now()
	bubbleSort(&arr)
	cost := time.Since(start)
	defer fmt.Println("cost:", cost)
	for _, el := range arr {
		fmt.Println(el)
	}
}

func bubbleSort(a *[]int) {
	arr, lenA := *a, len(*a)
	for j := 0; j < lenA-1; j++ {
		for i := 0; i < lenA-1-j; i++ {
			if arr[i] > arr[i+1] {
				arr[i], arr[i+1] = arr[i+1], arr[i]
			}
		}
	}
}

运行时间显示
cpp

java

python

go

结论

---

显然，代码运行时间
c++ < go < java < python
c++ 在 0.01ms数量级上
go 在1ms数量级上
java和python 在100ms数量级上
但java比python已有明显的差距(快8倍)

注意

本次测试仅在3000个int数据中测试，在冒泡排序最坏情况下运行，若数据数量级加大，时间消耗将会更加明显。

本次实验为不严谨实验，存在偶然误差，所以粗略比较大小，感受各语言在运行速度上的差距。