CentOS7之软件安装三种方法

1. 源码(以vim8安装为例,会涉及到很多dependencies,比较麻烦)

一般分为 tar/configure/make/make install四个步骤

检查旧版本是否存在

vim 

有则删除

yum remove vim* -y
yum install ncurses-devel -y

编译安装

$ cd /usr/local/src/
$ wget https://codeload.github.com/vim/vim/tar.gz/v8.0.0134
$ tar -zxvf v8.0.0134
$ cd vim-8.0.0134/
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/vim8
$ make && make install
$ echo $?

安装成功后,通过/usr/local/vim8/bin/vim运行vim命令。

将vim命令路径添加到系统变量,就可以直接运行vim了。

$ /usr/local/vim8/bin/vim /etc/profile.d/path.sh

添加以下内容:

#!/bin/bash
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/vim8/bin/

$ source /etc/profile.d/path.sh ??????
$ vim

2. yum安装(Yellow Updated Modifield)

简单,可以自动安装相关dependicies ,前提是连接互联网
查询是否已安装

rpm -qa | grep vim
yum -ivh vim* 

vim --version

3. RPM包安装
离线安装,需下载dpendencies,解决软件依赖
可以通过版本一致的OS下载RPM依赖包,然后通过WinSCP、SCP command 形式传到待安装linux服务器
以下以安装VIM为例

[root@localhost src]# rpm -ivh vim-8.2.0119-1.1.x86_64.rpm 
warning: vim-8.2.0119-1.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3dbdc284: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.28)(64bit) is needed by vim-8.2.0119-1.1.x86_64
	libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.29)(64bit) is needed by vim-8.2.0119-1.1.x86_64
	libperl.so()(64bit) is needed by vim-8.2.0119-1.1.x86_64
	libtinfo.so.6()(64bit) is needed by vim-8.2.0119-1.1.x86_64
	libtinfo.so.6(NCURSES6_TINFO_5.0.19991023)(64bit) is needed by vim-8.2.0119-1.1.x86_64
	perl = 5.30.1 is needed by vim-8.2.0119-1.1.x86_64
	update-alternatives is needed by vim-8.2.0119-1.1.x86_64
	vim-data-common = 8.2.0119-1.1 is needed by vim-8.2.0119-1.1.x86_64

直接安装提示缺少依赖

[root@localhost /]# yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/usr/local/src/ vim
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.cn99.com
 * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
 * updates: mirrors.cn99.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.629-6.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: vim-common = 2:7.4.629-6.el7 for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(:MODULE_COMPAT_5.16.3) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libperl.so()(64bit) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgpm.so.2()(64bit) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-6.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gpm-libs.x86_64 0:1.20.7-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) >= 1.3 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) >= 1.10 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl-macros for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(threads::shared) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(threads) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(constant) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::Local) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::HiRes) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Storable) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::XHTML) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::Search) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Getopt::Long) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Filter::Util::Call) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Temp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Unix) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Functions) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Path) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Exporter) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Cwd) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Carp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64
---> Package perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 will be installed
---> Package vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.629-6.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: vim-filesystem for package: 2:vim-common-7.4.629-6.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Usage) >= 1.14 for package: perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Text::ParseWords) for package: perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Escapes) >= 1.04 for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Encode) for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-4.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 will be installed
---> Package perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.629-6.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-294.el7_6 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Text) >= 3.15 for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl-Pod-Perldoc for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(parent) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(HTTP::Tiny) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                Arch                                   Version                                              Repository                            Size
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 vim-enhanced                                           x86_64                                 2:7.4.629-6.el7                                      base                                 1.1 M
Installing for dependencies:
 gpm-libs                                               x86_64                                 1.20.7-6.el7                                         base                                  32 k
 perl                                                   x86_64                                 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6                                   base                                 8.0 M
 perl-Carp                                              noarch                                 1.26-244.el7                                         base                                  19 k
 perl-Encode                                            x86_64                                 2.51-7.el7                                           base                                 1.5 M
 perl-Exporter                                          noarch                                 5.68-3.el7                                           base                                  28 k
 perl-File-Path                                         noarch                                 2.09-2.el7                                           base                                  26 k
 perl-File-Temp                                         noarch                                 0.23.01-3.el7                                        base                                  56 k
 perl-Filter                                            x86_64                                 1.49-3.el7                                           base                                  76 k
 perl-Getopt-Long                                       noarch                                 2.40-3.el7                                           base                                  56 k
 perl-HTTP-Tiny                                         noarch                                 0.033-3.el7                                          base                                  38 k
 perl-PathTools                                         x86_64                                 3.40-5.el7                                           base                                  82 k
 perl-Pod-Escapes                                       noarch                                 1:1.04-294.el7_6                                     base                                  51 k
 perl-Pod-Perldoc                                       noarch                                 3.20-4.el7                                           base                                  87 k
 perl-Pod-Simple                                        noarch                                 1:3.28-4.el7                                         base                                 216 k
 perl-Pod-Usage                                         noarch                                 1.63-3.el7                                           base                                  27 k
 perl-Scalar-List-Utils                                 x86_64                                 1.27-248.el7                                         base                                  36 k
 perl-Socket                                            x86_64                                 2.010-4.el7                                          base                                  49 k
 perl-Storable                                          x86_64                                 2.45-3.el7                                           base                                  77 k
 perl-Text-ParseWords                                   noarch                                 3.29-4.el7                                           base                                  14 k
 perl-Time-HiRes                                        x86_64                                 4:1.9725-3.el7                                       base                                  45 k
 perl-Time-Local                                        noarch                                 1.2300-2.el7                                         base                                  24 k
 perl-constant                                          noarch                                 1.27-2.el7                                           base                                  19 k
 perl-libs                                              x86_64                                 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6                                   base                                 688 k
 perl-macros                                            x86_64                                 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6                                   base                                  44 k
 perl-parent                                            noarch                                 1:0.225-244.el7                                      base                                  12 k
 perl-podlators                                         noarch                                 2.5.1-3.el7                                          base                                 112 k
 perl-threads                                           x86_64                                 1.87-4.el7                                           base                                  49 k
 perl-threads-shared                                    x86_64                                 1.43-6.el7                                           base                                  39 k
 vim-common                                             x86_64                                 2:7.4.629-6.el7                                      base                                 5.9 M
 vim-filesystem                                         x86_64                                 2:7.4.629-6.el7                                      base                                  11 k

Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+30 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 18 M
Installed size: 60 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
warning: /usr/local/src/gpm-libs-1.20.7-6.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY                                             ]  0.0 B/s |    0 B  --:--:-- ETA 
Public key for gpm-libs-1.20.7-6.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/31): gpm-libs-1.20.7-6.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                |  32 kB  00:00:00     
(2/31): perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                               |  19 kB  00:00:00     
(3/31): perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                            |  26 kB  00:00:00     
(4/31): perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                         |  56 kB  00:00:00     
(5/31): perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                               |  76 kB  00:00:00     
(6/31): perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                          |  56 kB  00:00:00     
(7/31): perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                           |  38 kB  00:00:00     
(8/31): perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-294.el7_6.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                      |  51 kB  00:00:00     
(9/31): perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                            |  82 kB  00:00:00     
(10/31): perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                         |  87 kB  00:00:00     
(11/31): perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                           |  27 kB  00:00:00     
(12/31): perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                          | 216 kB  00:00:00     
(13/31): perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                 |  36 kB  00:00:00     
(14/31): perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                            |  28 kB  00:00:01     
(15/31): perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                     |  14 kB  00:00:00     
(16/31): perl-Socket-2.010-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                             |  49 kB  00:00:00     
(17/31): perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                            |  77 kB  00:00:00     
(18/31): perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                        |  45 kB  00:00:00     
(19/31): perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                        |  24 kB  00:00:00     
(20/31): perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                            |  19 kB  00:00:00     
(21/31): perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                           |  12 kB  00:00:00     
(22/31): perl-macros-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                        |  44 kB  00:00:00     
(23/31): perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                             |  49 kB  00:00:00     
(24/31): perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                          | 112 kB  00:00:00     
(25/31): perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                      |  39 kB  00:00:00     
(26/31): perl-libs-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                          | 688 kB  00:00:00     
(27/31): vim-filesystem-7.4.629-6.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                        |  11 kB  00:00:00     
(28/31): vim-enhanced-7.4.629-6.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                          | 1.1 MB  00:00:01     
(29/31): vim-common-7.4.629-6.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                            | 5.9 MB  00:00:04     
(30/31): perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                              | 1.5 MB  00:00:16     
(31/31): perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                               | 8.0 MB  00:00:34     
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                          538 kB/s |  18 MB  00:00:34     
exiting because "Download Only" specified

下载完成所有依赖包

[root@localhost src]# vi viminstall.sh
[root@localhost src]# cat viminstall.sh
#author : lulishuang
#date	: 2020-02-01
#rool	: install vim dep

rpm -ivh *.rpm
#rpm -Uvh update/*.rpm
[root@localhost src]# chmod 750 viminstall.sh #提升权限

创建shell安装所有RPM包,本例是全部需要安装bash,没有Update,如果同时存在,则通过shell更快捷

[root@localhost src]# sh viminstall.sh
warning: gpm-libs-1.20.7-6.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:perl-parent-1:0.225-244.el7      ################################# [  3%]
   2:perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7       ################################# [  6%]
   3:perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7       ################################# [ 10%]
   4:perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7      ################################# [ 13%]
   5:perl-Pod-Escapes-1:1.04-294.el7_6################################# [ 16%]
   6:perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7  ################################# [ 19%]
   7:perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7           ################################# [ 23%]
   8:perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7        ################################# [ 26%]
   9:perl-constant-1.27-2.el7         ################################# [ 29%]
  10:perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7           ################################# [ 32%]
  11:perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7         ################################# [ 35%]
  12:perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7           ################################# [ 39%]
  13:perl-libs-4:5.16.3-294.el7_6     ################################# [ 42%]
  14:perl-macros-4:5.16.3-294.el7_6   ################################# [ 45%]
  15:perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7        ################################# [ 48%]
  16:perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7     ################################# [ 52%]
  17:perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7        ################################# [ 55%]
  18:perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.e################################# [ 58%]
  19:perl-Socket-2.010-4.el7          ################################# [ 61%]
  20:perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7         ################################# [ 65%]
  21:perl-threads-1.87-4.el7          ################################# [ 68%]
  22:perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7   ################################# [ 71%]
  23:perl-Time-HiRes-4:1.9725-3.el7   ################################# [ 74%]
  24:perl-Pod-Simple-1:3.28-4.el7     ################################# [ 77%]
  25:perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7      ################################# [ 81%]
  26:perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7     ################################# [ 84%]
  27:perl-4:5.16.3-294.el7_6          ################################# [ 87%]
  28:vim-filesystem-2:7.4.629-6.el7   ################################# [ 90%]
  29:vim-common-2:7.4.629-6.el7       ################################# [ 94%]
  30:gpm-libs-1.20.7-6.el7            ################################# [ 97%]
  31:vim-enhanced-2:7.4.629-6.el7     ################################# [100%]

安装完成

[root@localhost src]# vim --version
VIM - Vi IMproved 7.4 (2013 Aug 10, compiled Aug  9 2019 03:17:15)
Included patches: 1-207, 209-629
Modified by <bugzilla@redhat.com>
Compiled by <bugzilla@redhat.com>
Huge version without GUI.  Features included (+) or not (-):
+acl             +farsi           +mouse_netterm   +syntax
+arabic          +file_in_path    +mouse_sgr       +tag_binary
+autocmd         +find_in_path    -mouse_sysmouse  +tag_old_static
-balloon_eval    +float           +mouse_urxvt     -tag_any_white
-browse          +folding         +mouse_xterm     -tcl
++builtin_terms  -footer          +multi_byte      +terminfo
+byte_offset     +fork()          +multi_lang      +termresponse
+cindent         +gettext         -mzscheme        +textobjects
-clientserver    -hangul_input    +netbeans_intg   +title
-clipboard       +iconv           +path_extra      -toolbar
+cmdline_compl   +insert_expand   +perl            +user_commands
+cmdline_hist    +jumplist        +persistent_undo +vertsplit
+cmdline_info    +keymap          +postscript      +virtualedit
+comments        +langmap         +printer         +visual
+conceal         +libcall         +profile         +visualextra
+cryptv          +linebreak       +python/dyn      +viminfo
+cscope          +lispindent      -python3         +vreplace
+cursorbind      +listcmds        +quickfix        +wildignore
+cursorshape     +localmap        +reltime         +wildmenu
+dialog_con      -lua             +rightleft       +windows
+diff            +menu            +ruby/dyn        +writebackup
+digraphs        +mksession       +scrollbind      -X11
-dnd             +modify_fname    +signs           -xfontset
-ebcdic          +mouse           +smartindent     -xim
+emacs_tags      -mouseshape      -sniff           -xsmp
+eval            +mouse_dec       +startuptime     -xterm_clipboard
+ex_extra        +mouse_gpm       +statusline      -xterm_save
+extra_search    -mouse_jsbterm   -sun_workshop    -xpm
   system vimrc file: "/etc/vimrc"
     user vimrc file: "$HOME/.vimrc"
 2nd user vimrc file: "~/.vim/vimrc"
      user exrc file: "$HOME/.exrc"
  fall-back for $VIM: "/etc"
 f-b for $VIMRUNTIME: "/usr/share/vim/vim74"
Compilation: gcc -c -I. -Iproto -DHAVE_CONFIG_H     -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches   -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D__linux__ -D_REENTRANT -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1      
Linking: gcc   -L. -Wl,-z,relro -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic
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