JavaWeb核心|请求和响应

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-17 14:28:44 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-04-17 14:28:44 发布

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分类专栏： # JavaWeb 文章标签： java http 请求响应 Servlet

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46264660/article/details/120310244

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一、请求对象

1.1 请求对象介绍

请求：获取资源。在BS架构中，就是客户端浏览器向服务器端发出询问。
请求对象：就是在项目当中用于发送请求的对象。

1.2 请求对象常用方法-获取各种路径

在这里插入图片描述

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo01")
public class ServletDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        // 1.获取虚拟目录名称 getContextPath();
        String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath); ///request

        // 2.获取 Servlet驶射路径 getServletPathO
        String servletPath = req.getServletPath();
        System.out.println(servletPath); ///servletDemo01

        // 3.获取功问者 ip getRemoteAddr();
        String remoteAddr = req.getRemoteAddr();
        System.out.println(remoteAddr); //0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1

        // 4.获取请求消息的数据 getQueryString();
        String queryString = req.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString); //username=zs&password=123445

        // 5.获取统一资源标识符 getRequestURI();
        String reqRequestURI = req.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println(reqRequestURI); // /request/servletDemo01

        //6.获取统一资源定位符 getRequestURL();
        StringBuffer requestURL = req.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(requestURL); // http://localhost:8989/request/servletDemo01
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

1.3 请求对象常用方法-获取请求头信息

在这里插入图片描述

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo02")
public class ServletDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1、根据请求头名称获取一个值
        String connection = req.getHeader("connection");
        System.out.println(connection);
        System.out.println("---------------");

        Enumeration<String> values = req.getHeaders("accept-encoding");
        while (values.hasMoreElements()) {
            String value = values.nextElement();
            System.out.println(value);
        }
        System.out.println("---------------");
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = req.getHeaderNames();
        while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String key = headerNames.nextElement();
            String value = req.getHeader(key);
            System.out.println(key + ":" + value);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

结果：

keep-alive
---------------
gzip, deflate, br
---------------
host:localhost:8989
connection:keep-alive
cache-control:max-age=0
sec-ch-ua:"Google Chrome";v="93", " Not;A Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="93"
sec-ch-ua-mobile:?0
sec-ch-ua-platform:"Windows"
upgrade-insecure-requests:1
user-agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/93.0.4577.63 Safari/537.36
accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
sec-fetch-site:none
sec-fetch-mode:navigate
sec-fetch-user:?1
sec-fetch-dest:document
accept-encoding:gzip, deflate, br
accept-language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
cookie:JSESSIONID=45DEFFFD715538E0F4418C28F581CB54; Idea-dabf7c28=3e7fed1c-ba39-4eb9-9736-10053c5fbaa1; NMTID=00O_Lsi5php5YeSCEPIq9ZxmJYTwocAAAF4Ul-LUA; Pycharm-7a4e33e8=eb24329e-0d3b-4bde-8757-edb5d72b4c78; _xsrf=2|8b21481f|1aa5c126bd4a2e4985b9d01cdc1210c3|1631281017; username-localhost-8889="2|1:0|10:1631584471|23:username-localhost-8889|44:YWM0NzQ5M2U2MWUxNDA2MWEwMjZkZmU2ODJmYzVhMjM=|d843065fc1dece379b30e411189c5735b73b142823b8d8b9df12d35e5d78d59b"; username-localhost-8888="2|1:0|10:1631672895|23:username-localhost-8888|44:ZDljNDkxYTY0ZTAxNGZlZGJmYmIzOWU4NTFiY2U4ZDk=|1aa9669ee7e920a89795be766023df2b2

1.4 请求对象常用方法-获取请求参数信息

在这里插入图片描述

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo03")
public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1、根据名称获取数据 getParameter()
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println("--------------------");

        //2、根据名称获取所有数据 getParameterValues()
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        for (String hobby : hobbies) {
            System.out.println(hobby);
        }
        System.out.println("--------------------");
        //3、获取所有名称 getParameterNames()
        Enumeration<String> names = req.getParameterNames();
        while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
            String name = names.nextElement();
            System.out.println(name);
        }
        System.out.println("--------------------");
        //4、获取所有参数键值对 getParameterMap()
        Map<String, String[]> mp = req.getParameterMap();
        for (String key : mp.keySet()) {
            String[] values = mp.get(key);
            System.out.print(key + ":");
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.print(value + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

<form action="/request/servletDemo09" method="get" autocomplete="off">
    姓名：<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
    密码：<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
    爱好：<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="study">学习
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="game">游戏 <br>
    <button type="submit">注册</button>
</form>

在这里插入图片描述

zs
123456
--------------------
study
game
--------------------
username
password
hobby
--------------------
username:zs 
password:123456 
hobby:study game

1.5 获取请求参数并封装对象

手动封装方式。

package com.itjc.servlet;

import com.itjc.bean.Student;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo04")
public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1、 获取所有数据
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        // 2、封装对象
        Student st = new Student(username, password, hobbies);
        // 3、输出对象
        System.out.println(st); // Student{username='zs', password='123456', hobby=[study, game]}
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

反射封装方式。

package com.itjc.servlet;

import com.itjc.bean.Student;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.beans.IntrospectionException;
import java.beans.MethodDescriptor;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo05")
public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1、获取所有数据
        Map<String, String[]> mp = req.getParameterMap();


        //2、封装学生对象
        Student st = new Student();
        //2.1、遍历集合
        for (String name : mp.keySet()) {
            String[] value = mp.get(name);
            try {
                //2.2 获取student对象属性描述器
                PropertyDescriptor pd = new PropertyDescriptor(name, st.getClass());
                //2.3 获取对应的setXXX方法
                Method writeMethod = pd.getWriteMethod();
                //2.4 执行方法
                if (value.length > 1) {
                    writeMethod.invoke(st, (Object) value);
                } else {
                    writeMethod.invoke(st, value);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //3、输出对象

        System.out.println(st);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

entries实现Map的遍历

for (Map.Entry<String, String[]> entry : mp.entrySet()) {
            String name = entry.getKey();
            String[] value = entry.getValue();
            try {
                //2.2 获取student对象属性描述器
                PropertyDescriptor pd = new PropertyDescriptor(name, st.getClass());
                //2.3 获取对应的setXXX方法
                Method writeMethod = pd.getWriteMethod();
                //2.4 执行方法
                if (value.length > 1) {
                    writeMethod.invoke(st, (Object) value);
                } else {
                    writeMethod.invoke(st, value);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

在这里插入图片描述

工具类封装方式

package com.itjc.servlet;

import com.itjc.bean.Student;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo06")
public class ServletDemo06 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1、获取所有数据
        Map<String, String[]> mp = req.getParameterMap();


        //2、封装学生对象
        Student st = new Student();
        //3、用工具进行封装
        try {
            BeanUtils.populate(st, mp);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println(st);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

遇到的问题：
在这里插入图片描述
解决办法：

1.6 流对象获取请求信息

在这里插入图片描述

package com.itjc.servlet;

import com.itjc.bean.Student;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo07")
public class ServletDemo07 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //字符流(必须是post的提交方式)
//        BufferedReader br = req.getReader();
//        String line;
//        while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
//            System.out.println(line);
//        }

        //字节流(必须是post的提交方式) 可以传文件
        ServletInputStream is = req.getInputStream();
        byte[] arr = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = is.read(arr)) != -1) {
            System.out.println(new String(arr, 0, len));
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

中文乱码问题

GET方式没有乱码问题。
在Tomcat8版本后已经解决
POST方式有乱码问题。
可以通过setCharacterEncoding()方法来解决！

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo08")
public class ServletDemo08 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

1.7 请求域

请求域（request域）：可以在一次请求范围内进行共亨数据。
一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共亨数据。
请求对象操作共享数据方法

1.8 请求转发

请求转发：客户端的一次请求到达后，发现需要借助其他Servlet来实现功能。

在这里插入图片描述

特点：
浏览器地址栏不变
域对象中的数据不丢失
负责转发的Servlet转发前后的响应正文会丢失
由转发的目的地来响应客户端

servlet09

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo09")
public class ServletDemo09 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setAttribute("code", "test");
        RequestDispatcher rd = req.getRequestDispatcher("/servletDemo10");
        rd.forward(req, resp);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

servlet10

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo10")
public class ServletDemo10 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("This is Servlet10···");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

1.9 请求包含

请求包含:可以合并其他Servlet中的功能一起响应给客户端。
特点:
1.浏览器地址栏不变
2.域对象中的数据不丢失
3.被包含的Servlet响应头会丢失

servlet11

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo11")
public class ServletDemo11 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Demo11执行了···");
        //  获取请求对象
        RequestDispatcher rd = req.getRequestDispatcher("/servletDemo12");
        // 实现包含功能
        rd.include(req, resp);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

servlet12

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo12")
public class ServletDemo12 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Demo12执行了···");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

二、响应对象

2.1 响应对象介绍

响应：回馈结果。在BS架构中,就是服务器给客户端浏览器反馈结果。
响应对象：就是在项目中用于发送响应的对象。

在这里插入图片描述

2.2 常见状态码

在这里插入图片描述

2.3 字节流响应消息(万能流)

在这里插入图片描述

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/*
       字节流响应消息
 */

@WebServlet("/servletDemo01")
public class ServletDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 0、设置编码格式
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        // 1、 获取字节输出流对象
        ServletOutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();
        // 2、定义一个消息
        String str = "你好";

        // 3、通过字节流对象输出
        os.write(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

2.3 字符流响应消息

在这里插入图片描述

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo02")
public class ServletDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        // 1、获取字符输出流对象
        PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();

        // 2、准备一个消息
        String str = "你好";

        // 3、通过字符流输出
        pw.write(str);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

2.4 响应图片

创建字节输入流对象,关联读取的图片路径。
通过响应对象获取字节输出流对象。
循环读取和写出图片。

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo03")
public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 通过文件的相对路径 获取绝对路径
        String realPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("/img/祖师爷.png");
        System.out.println(realPath);
        // 1、创建字节输入流对象 关联图片路径
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(realPath));

        // 2、通过响应对象获取字节输出流对象
        ServletOutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();
        // 3、循环读写操作
        byte[] arr = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = bis.read(arr)) != -1) {
            os.write(arr, 0, len);
        }

        // 4、释放资源
        bis.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

遇到的问题：
在这里插入图片描述
解决方法：获取发布后的真实路径

 String realPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("/img/祖师爷.png");

2.5 设置缓存

缓存: 对于不经常变化的数据,我们可以设置合理缓存时间,以避免浏览器频繁请求服务器。以此来提高效率!

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo04")
public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1、设置编码格式
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        // 2、设置缓存 1小时缓存时间
        resp.setDateHeader("Expires", System.currentTimeMillis() + 1 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
        String news = "这是一条很火爆的新闻！";
        //写出数据
        resp.getWriter().write(news);

        System.out.println("abc");

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

2.6 定时刷新

●定时刷新:过了指定时间后,页面自动进行跳转。

在这里插入图片描述

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo05")
public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        String str = "您的用户名或密码有误，3s后自动跳转到登录页面";
        resp.getWriter().write(str);

        //定时刷新
        resp.setHeader("Refresh", "3;URL=/response/login.html");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

2.7 请求重定向

请求重定向:客户端的一次请求到达后,发现需要借助其他Servlet来实现功能。
特点:浏览器地址栏会发生改变,两次请求、请求域对象中不能共享数据,可以重定向到其他服务器。
重定向实现原理
设置响应状态码为302。resp.setStatus(302)
设置响应的资源路径(响应到哪里去,通过响应消息头location来指定)resp.setHeader( "location",' /response/responseDemo07");
响应对象重定向方法

servlet06

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo06")
public class ServletDemo06 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Demo06执行了···");

        //设置共享数据
        req.setAttribute("username", "zhangsan");

        //设置重定向
        resp.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath() + "/servletDemo07");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

servlet07

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo07")
public class ServletDemo07 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Demo07执行了···");

        //获取共享数据
        Object username = req.getAttribute("username");
        System.out.println(username); //null

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

使用场景：如果需要共享数据则就是请求转发，否则就是请求重定向。
重定向请求域中的数据不能共享。

2.8 文件下载

创建字节输入流,关联读取的文件。
设置响应消息头支持的类型。
设置响应消息头以下载方式打开资源。
通过响应对象获取字节输出流对象。
循环读写。
释放资源。

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo08")
public class ServletDemo08 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //  1. 创建字节输入流,关联读取的文件。
        String realPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("img/祖师爷.png");
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(realPath));
        //  2. 设置响应消息头支持的类型。
        /*
            Content-Type 消息头名称 支持的类型
            application/octet-stream 消息头参数 应用类型为字节流
         */
        resp.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream");
        //  3. 设置响应消息头以下载方式打开资源。
        /*
            Content-Disposition 消息头名称 处理的形式
            attachment;filename=祖师爷.png 消息头参数 附件形式进行处理 指定下载文件的名称
         */
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=祖师爷.png");
        //  4. 通过响应对象获取字节输出流对象。
        ServletOutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();
        //  5. 循环读写。
        byte[] arr = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = bis.read(arr)) != -1) {
            os.write(arr, 0, len);
        }
        //  6. 释放资源。
        bis.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

三、案例学生管理系统

3.1 案例效果

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3.2 案例实现-资源准备

创建一个web项目。
在web目录下创建一个index.html,包含两个超链接标签添加学生、查看学生。
在web目录下创建一个addStudent.html,用于实现添加功能的表单页面。
在src下创建一个Student类,用于封装学生信息。

代码：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>学生管理系统</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="addStudent.html">添加学生</a>
<a href="/stu/queryStudentServlet">查看学生</a>
</body>
</html>

student

package com.itjc.bean;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private String age;
    private String id;
    private String major;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, String sex, String age, String id, String major) {
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.age = age;
        this.id = id;
        this.major = major;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getMajor() {
        return major;
    }

    public void setMajor(String major) {
        this.major = major;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                ", id='" + id + '\'' +
                ", major='" + major + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

addStudentServlet

package com.itjc.servlet;

import com.itjc.bean.Student;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet("/addStudentServlet")
public class addStudentServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1、 通过提交的表单获取数据
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String sex = req.getParameter("sex");
        String age = req.getParameter("age");
        String id = req.getParameter("id");
        String major = req.getParameter("major");

        // 2、手动封装对象
        Student st = new Student(name, sex, age, id, major);

        // 3、保存到文件中
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("F:\\student.txt", true));
        bw.write(name + " " + sex + " " + age + " " + id + " " + major);
        bw.newLine();
        bw.close();
        // 4、响应给客户端 保存成功
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        resp.getWriter().write("Save Success!\n正在跳转到首页···");
        resp.setHeader("Refresh", "3;URL=/stu/index.html");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

工具封装对象

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1、 通过提交的表单获取数据
        Map<String, String[]> map = req.getParameterMap();
        // 2、工具封装对象
        Student st = new Student();
        try {
            BeanUtils.populate(st, map);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 3、保存到文件中
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("F:\\student.txt", true));
        bw.write(st.getName() + " " + st.getSex() + " " + st.getAge() + " " + st.getId() + " " + st.getId());
        bw.newLine();
        bw.close();
        // 4、响应给客户端 保存成功
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        resp.getWriter().write("Save Success!\n正在跳转到首页···");
        resp.setHeader("Refresh", "3;URL=/stu/index.html");
    }

queryStudentServlet

package com.itjc.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

@WebServlet("/queryStudentServlet")
public class queryStudentServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("F:\\student.txt"));
        ServletOutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();
        byte[] arr = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = bis.read(arr)) != -1) {
            os.write(arr, 0, len);
        }
        bis.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}