python学习笔记07(文件)

现在开始学习文件了，其实前面的学习中还有不少遗漏的地方，以后我会继续改进，加油

1.从文件中读取数据

1.1读取整个文件

首先创建一个文本文档，内容自定义，我的内容如下：
hello python
how are you?
you are so easy
然后通过代码打开它

with open('hello.txt') as file_object:
    text=file_object.read()
    print(text)
 --------------------------
hello python
how are you?
you are so easy

你可能会看到输出的数据有多余的空行，如果有，则参照如下代码

with open('hello.txt') as file_object:
    text=file_object.read()
    print(text.rstrip())
 ----------------
hello python
how are you?
you are so easy

1.2文件路径

如果你要打开的文件不在当前代码所在的文件夹，你需要明确它的路径

1.2.1绝对路径

file_path=r'C:\Users\dell\Desktop\hello.txt'
with open(file_path) as file_object:
    text=file_object.read()
    print(text.rstrip())
--------------------
hello python
how are you?
you are so easy

记得绝对路径单引号前加r第一次我没加，然后报错

1.2.2相对路径

with open('text_files\hello.txt') as file_object:
    text=file_object.read()
    print(text.rstrip())
 -------------------
hello python
how are you?
you are so easy

1.3逐行读取

with open('text_files\hello.txt') as file_object:
    for line in file_object:
        print(line)
 -------------------
hello python,

how are you?

you are so easy.       

去掉多余空行

with open('text_files\hello.txt') as file_object:
    for line in file_object:
        print(line.rstrip())
-------------------
hello python,
how are you?
you are so easy.     

1.4创建一个包含文件各行内容的列表

with open('text_files\hello.txt') as file_object:
    lines=file_object.readlines()
for line in lines:
    print(line.rstrip())
print("读取列表中的元素")
print(lines[1])
-------------------
hello python,
how are you?
you are so easy.
读取列表中的元素
how are you?

1.5使用文件内容

with open('text_files\hello.txt') as file_object:
    lines=file_object.readlines()
hello_string=' '
for line in lines:
    hello_string+=line.rstrip()
print(hello_string)
print(len(hello_string))
-------------------
hello python,how are you?you are so easy.
42

2.写入文件

2.1写入空文件

with open('text_files\hello.txt','w') as file_object:
    file_object.write('I love python.')
with open('text_files\hello.txt') as file_object:
    text=file_object.read()
    print(text)
------------------
 I love python.   

2.2写入多行

with open('text_files\hello.txt','w') as file_object:
    file_object.write('I love python.')
    file_object.write('I love hadoop.')
    file_object.write('I love r.')
with open('text_files\hello.txt') as file_object:
    text=file_object.read()
    print(text.title())
----------------
I Love Python.I Love Hadoop.I Love R.

你可以加入换行符让每个字符串独占一行

这样写入会直接覆盖原有文件！！！谨慎操作
如果你只是想在文本的内容后面添加内容，则使用以下方法

with open('text_files\hello.txt','a') as file_object:
    file_object.write('i am here.')
    file_object.write('I get you.')
    file_object.write('go for it.')
with open('text_files\hello.txt') as file_object:
    text=file_object.read()
    print(text.title())
----------------
I Love Python.I Love Hadoop.I Love R.I Am Here.I Get You.Go For It.