0-3章–写给自己看,看官请见谅!
1 启动
win里面安装5和8–以后登录不同端口
![image-20211118214620603](https://gitee.com/hjg66-6/hjg_de_images/raw/master/202111182146733.png)
![image-20211118215327251](https://gitee.com/hjg66-6/hjg_de_images/raw/master/202111182153495.png)
2. SELECT
取别名 去重 DISTINCT 判空 IFNULL 着重号
#5. 最基本的SELECT语句: SELECT 字段1,字段2,... FROM 表名
SELECT 1 + 1,3 * 2;
SELECT 1 + 1,3 * 2
FROM DUAL; #dual:伪表
# *:表中的所有的字段(或列)
SELECT * FROM employees;
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees;
#6. 列的别名
# as:全称:alias(别名),可以省略
# 列的别名可以使用一对""引起来,不要使用''。
SELECT employee_id emp_id,last_name AS lname,department_id "部门id",salary * 12 AS "annual sal" FROM employees;
SELECT employee_id emp_id,last_name AS lname,department_id '部门id',salary * 12 AS "annual sal" FROM employees;
# 7. 去除重复行
#查询员工表中一共有哪些部门id呢?
#错误的:没有去重的情况
SELECT department_id
FROM employees;
#正确的:去重的情况
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM employees;
#错误的:
SELECT salary,DISTINCT department_id
FROM employees;
#仅仅是没有报错,但是没有实际意义。
SELECT DISTINCT department_id,salary
FROM employees;
#8. 空值参与运算
# 1. 空值:null
# 2. null不等同于0,'','null'
SELECT * FROM employees;
#3. 空值参与运算(加减乘除):结果一定也为空。
SELECT employee_id,salary "月工资" ,salary * (1 + commission_pct) * 12 "年工资" ,commission_pct
FROM employees;
#实际问题的解决方案:引入IFNULL
SELECT employee_id,salary "月工资" ,salary * (1 + IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) * 12 "年工资" ,commission_pct
FROM employees;
#9. 着重号 ``
SELECT * FROM employees;
SELECT * FROM `order`;
SELECT * FROM order;
#10. 查询常数
SELECT '尚硅谷',123,employee_id,last_name
FROM employees;
#11.显示表结构
DESCRIBE employees; #显示了表中字段的详细信息
DESC employees; --减写
DESC departments;
#12.过滤数据
#练习:查询90号部门的员工信息
SELECT *
FROM employees
#过滤条件,声明在FROM结构的后面
WHERE department_id = 90;
#练习:查询last_name为'King'的员工信息
SELECT *
FROM EMPLOYEES
WHERE LAST_NAME = 'King'; -- 不区分大小写 'King' 'king'
# 1.查询员工12个月的工资总和,并起别名为ANNUAL SALARY
SELECT employee_id,salary * (1 + IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) * 12 "ANNUAL SALARY" FROM employees;
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary * 12 * (1 + IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) "ANNUAL SALARY" FROM employees;
# 2.查询employees表中去除重复的job_id以后的数据
SELECT DISTINCT job_id
FROM employees;
# 3.查询工资大于12000的员工姓名和工资
SELECT first_name,last_name,salary FROM employees WHERE salary>12000;
# 4.查询员工号为176的员工的姓名和部门号
SELECT last_name, department_id FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 176;
# 5.显示表 departments 的结构,并查询其中的全部数据
DESC departments;
SELECT * FROM departments;