多态的应用

不使用多态（不采用基类指针）

代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

class Hero
{
public:
    int damage;
    string name;
    Hero(int _damge, string _name): damage(_damge), name(_name) {}
    virtual void skill1() = 0;
    virtual void skill2() = 0;
    virtual ~Hero() { cout << "调用了基类的析构函数" << endl;; }
};

class DC: public Hero
{
public:
    DC(int _damage, string _name): Hero(_damage, _name) {}
    void skill1()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了一技能" << endl;
    }
    void skill2()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了二技能" << endl;
    }
    virtual ~DC() { cout << "调用了派生类的析构函数" << endl;; }
};

class LB: public Hero
{
public:
    LB(int _damage, string _name): Hero(_damage, _name) {}
    void skill1()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了一技能" << endl;
    }
    void skill2()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了二技能" << endl;
    }
    virtual ~LB() { cout << "调用了派生类的析构函数" << endl;; }
};

class SWK: public Hero
{
public:
    SWK(int _damage, string _name): Hero(_damage, _name) {}
    void skill1()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了一技能" << endl;
    }
    void skill2()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了二技能" << endl;
    }
    virtual ~SWK() { cout << "调用了派生类的析构函数" << endl;; }
};



int main()
{
    cout << "请选择英雄（貂蝉-1、李白-2、孙悟空-3）：";
    int id;
    cin >> id;
    if (id == 1)
    {
        DC h(6, "貂蝉");
        h.skill1();
        h.skill2();
    }
    else if (id == 2)
    {
        LB h(8, "李白");
        h.skill1();
        h.skill2();
    }
    else if (id == 3)
    {
        SWK h(9, "孙悟空");
        h.skill1();
        h.skill2();
    }
    
    
    return 0;
}

利用多态实现

代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

class Hero
{
public:
    int damage;
    string name;
    Hero(int _damge, string _name): damage(_damge), name(_name) {}
    virtual void skill1() = 0;
    virtual void skill2() = 0;
    virtual ~Hero() { cout << "调用了基类的析构函数" << endl;; }
};

class DC: public Hero
{
public:
    DC(int _damage, string _name): Hero(_damage, _name) {}
    void skill1()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了一技能" << endl;
    }
    void skill2()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了二技能" << endl;
    }
    virtual ~DC() { cout << "调用了派生类的析构函数" << endl;; }
};

class LB: public Hero
{
public:
    LB(int _damage, string _name): Hero(_damage, _name) {}
    void skill1()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了一技能" << endl;
    }
    void skill2()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了二技能" << endl;
    }
    virtual ~LB() { cout << "调用了派生类的析构函数" << endl;; }
};

class SWK: public Hero
{
public:
    SWK(int _damage, string _name): Hero(_damage, _name) {}
    void skill1()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了一技能" << endl;
    }
    void skill2()
    {
        cout << name << "释放了二技能" << endl;
    }
    virtual ~SWK() { cout << "调用了派生类的析构函数" << endl;; }
};



int main()
{
    cout << "请选择英雄（貂蝉-1、李白-2、孙悟空-3）：";
    int id;
    cin >> id;
    Hero* ptr = nullptr;
    if (id == 1) ptr = new DC(6, "貂蝉");
    else if (id == 2) ptr = new LB(8, "李白");
    else if (id == 3) ptr = new SWK(9, "孙悟空");
    
    ptr->skill1();
    ptr->skill2();
    delete ptr;
    
    return 0;
}

总结

• 通过多态能够实现基类指针指向派生类对象
• 派生类通过重定义基类虚函数，能够自定义派生类的方法，使得基类指针能够调用派生类重定义的方法，从而实现简化开发，提升开发效率的目的