SpringBoot内置Tomcat启动过程与原理分析

        原理：

        当我们在SpringBoot中引入spring-boot-starter-web时，最终会引入spring-boot-autoconfigure

当SpringBoot启动时会去加载 META-INF/spring/%s.imports 的 SPI 文件，将ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration，加入到容器中。

ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration中引入了EmbeddedTomcat，EmbeddedJetty以及EmbeddedUndertow，里面的组件使用@Conditional注解按需生效。

    @Configuration(
        proxyBeanMethods = false
    )
    @ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class})
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(
        value = {ServletWebServerFactory.class},
        search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT
    )
    static class EmbeddedTomcat {
        EmbeddedTomcat() {
        }

        @Bean
        TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory(ObjectProvider<TomcatConnectorCustomizer> connectorCustomizers, ObjectProvider<TomcatContextCustomizer> contextCustomizers, ObjectProvider<TomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizer<?>> protocolHandlerCustomizers) {
            TomcatServletWebServerFactory factory = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();
            factory.getTomcatConnectorCustomizers().addAll(connectorCustomizers.orderedStream().toList());
            factory.getTomcatContextCustomizers().addAll(contextCustomizers.orderedStream().toList());
            factory.getTomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizers().addAll(protocolHandlerCustomizers.orderedStream().toList());
            return factory;
        }
    }

         EmbeddedTomcat 注册了一个 TomcatServletWebServerFactory 的 bean ,类中重写了ServletWebServerFactory 的 getWebServer 方法，

    public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
        if (this.disableMBeanRegistry) {
            Registry.disableRegistry();
        }
        //创建 Tomcat 
        Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
        File baseDir = this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory : this.createTempDir("tomcat");
        tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
        Iterator var4 = this.serverLifecycleListeners.iterator();

        while(var4.hasNext()) {
            LifecycleListener listener = (LifecycleListener)var4.next();
            tomcat.getServer().addLifecycleListener(listener);
        }

        Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
        connector.setThrowOnFailure(true);
        tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
        this.customizeConnector(connector);
        tomcat.setConnector(connector);
        tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
        this.configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
        Iterator var8 = this.additionalTomcatConnectors.iterator();

        while(var8.hasNext()) {
            Connector additionalConnector = (Connector)var8.next();
            tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
        }

        this.prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
        return this.getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
    }

    protected TomcatWebServer getTomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat) {
        return new TomcatWebServer(tomcat, this.getPort() >= 0, this.getShutdown());
    }


    public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart, Shutdown shutdown) {
        this.monitor = new Object();
        this.serviceConnectors = new HashMap();
        Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");
        this.tomcat = tomcat;
        this.autoStart = autoStart;
        this.gracefulShutdown = shutdown == Shutdown.GRACEFUL ? new GracefulShutdown(tomcat) : null;
        this.initialize();
    }

    private void initialize() throws WebServerException {
        logger.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + this.getPortsDescription(false));
        synchronized(this.monitor) {
            try {
                this.addInstanceIdToEngineName();
                Context context = this.findContext();
                context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> {
                    if (context.equals(event.getSource()) && "start".equals(event.getType())) {
                        this.removeServiceConnectors();
                    }

                });
                //启动 Tomcat 
                this.tomcat.start();
                this.rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions();

                try {
                    ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), this.getClass().getClassLoader());
                } catch (NamingException var5) {
                }

                this.startDaemonAwaitThread();
            } catch (Exception var6) {
                this.stopSilently();
                this.destroySilently();
                throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat", var6);
            }

        }
    }

    private void startDaemonAwaitThread() {
        Thread awaitThread = new Thread("container-" + containerCounter.get()) {
            public void run() {
                // Tomcat 等待服务
                TomcatWebServer.this.tomcat.getServer().await();
            }
        };
        awaitThread.setContextClassLoader(this.getClass().getClassLoader());
        awaitThread.setDaemon(false);
        awaitThread.start();
    }

 SpringBoot 在启动过程中的 refreshContext 步骤最终会创建出内嵌Tomcat进行服务。