java 线程池

使用线程池的优势

1. 降低资源消耗。通过重复利用已创建的线程降低线程创建和销毁造成的消耗。
2. 提高响应速度。当任务到达时，任务可以不需要等到线程创建就能立即执行。
3. 提高线程的可管理性。线程是稀缺资源，如果无限制的创建，不仅会消耗系统资源，还会降低系统的稳定性，使用线程池可以进行统一的分配，调优和监控。

代码操作

import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ExecutorService executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                3,
                5,
                1L,
                TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3),
                Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),
                new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
            executorService.execute(
                    new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                        }
                    }
            );
        }
        //关闭线程池
        //executorService.shutdown();
    }
}

• corePoolSize - 池中所保存的线程数，包括空闲线程。

• maximumPoolSize-池中允许的最大线程数。

• keepAliveTime - 当线程数大于核心时，此为终止前多余的空闲线程等待新任务的最长时间。

• unit - keepAliveTime 参数的时间单位。

• workQueue - 执行前用于保持任务的队列。此队列仅保持由 execute方法提交的 Runnable任务。

• threadFactory - 执行程序创建新线程时使用的工厂。

• handler - 由于超出线程范围和队列容量而使执行被阻塞时所使用的处理程序。

java 源码

/**
     * Creates a new {@code ThreadPoolExecutor} with the given initial
     * parameters.
     *
     * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, even
     *        if they are idle, unless {@code allowCoreThreadTimeOut} is set
     * @param maximumPoolSize the maximum number of threads to allow in the
     *        pool
     * @param keepAliveTime when the number of threads is greater than
     *        the core, this is the maximum time that excess idle threads
     *        will wait for new tasks before terminating.
     * @param unit the time unit for the {@code keepAliveTime} argument
     * @param workQueue the queue to use for holding tasks before they are
     *        executed.  This queue will hold only the {@code Runnable}
     *        tasks submitted by the {@code execute} method.
     * @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor
     *        creates a new thread
     * @param handler the handler to use when execution is blocked
     *        because the thread bounds and queue capacities are reached
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the following holds:<br>
     *         {@code corePoolSize < 0}<br>
     *         {@code keepAliveTime < 0}<br>
     *         {@code maximumPoolSize <= 0}<br>
     *         {@code maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize}
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code workQueue}
     *         or {@code threadFactory} or {@code handler} is null
     */
    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
        if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
            keepAliveTime < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
        this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
        this.workQueue = workQueue;
        this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
        this.handler = handler;
    }

 /**
     * Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted
     * tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted.
     * Invocation has no additional effect if already shut down.
     *
     * <p>This method does not wait for previously submitted tasks to
     * complete execution.  Use {@link #awaitTermination awaitTermination}
     * to do that.
     *
     * @throws SecurityException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void shutdown() {
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            checkShutdownAccess();
            advanceRunState(SHUTDOWN);
            interruptIdleWorkers();
            onShutdown(); // hook for ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
        tryTerminate();
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to stop all actively executing tasks, halts the
     * processing of waiting tasks, and returns a list of the tasks
     * that were awaiting execution. These tasks are drained (removed)
     * from the task queue upon return from this method.
     *
     * <p>This method does not wait for actively executing tasks to
     * terminate.  Use {@link #awaitTermination awaitTermination} to
     * do that.
     *
     * <p>There are no guarantees beyond best-effort attempts to stop
     * processing actively executing tasks.  This implementation
     * interrupts tasks via {@link Thread#interrupt}; any task that
     * fails to respond to interrupts may never terminate.
     *
     * @throws SecurityException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
        List<Runnable> tasks;
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            checkShutdownAccess();
            advanceRunState(STOP);
            interruptWorkers();
            tasks = drainQueue();
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
        tryTerminate();
        return tasks;
    }