JS-字符串常用API

常用API

检索

• index of()

检索子串首次出现的下标，没有该子串则返回-1

①indexof(substr)

var str ="In order to be irreplaceable one must always be different";
var substr="order";
var id = str.indexOf(substr);
console.log(id);//输出3

②indexof(substr,15)

从15号位开始检索be首次出现的下标

console.log(str.indexOf("be",15));//输出45

• lastIndexOf()

检索子串最后一次出现的下标

str ="In order to be irreplaceable one must always be different";
var strId = str.indexOf("be");
console.log(strId);//输出12
console.log(str.indexOf("be",strId + 1));//输出45

console.log(str.lastIndexOf("be"));//输出45

• includes()

检索子串是否存在（区分大小写）

var str = "To be, or not to be, that is the question.";
console.log(str.includes("To be")); // true
console.log(str.includes("question")); // true
console.log(str.includes("nonexistent")); // false
console.log(str.includes("To be", 1)); // false
console.log(str.includes("TO BE")); // false

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替换

• replace(str1,str2)

     把字符串中值中找到的第一个str1替换为str2，不会改变调用它的字符串值,返回一个被替换后的新字符串

var str = "To be, or not to be, that is the question.";
console.log(str.replace("be","is")) ;
//In order to is irreplaceable one must always be different

console.log(
        str.replace(
          "dog",


          /*
          将sub重复10次
          sub为找到的第一个子串
          返回一个新的子串 替换sub
          */
          function (sub) {
            console.log("sub=", sub);


            let newSub = "";
            for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
              newSub += sub;
            }


            return newSub;
          }
        )
      );

• replaceAll()

   把字符串中值中找到的 全部str1替换为str2，不会改变调用它的字符串值,返回一个被替换后的新字符串

//将所有的脏话替换为*
        var str ="你烧饼你就是大烧饼";
        var word = "烧饼";


        function shield(str,word){
           return str.replaceAll(word,"**");
        }


        console.log(shield(str,word));//输出你是**你就是大**

---

截取

• substring(start,end) （包括start，不包括end）

返回索引start和索引end之间的部分

• substring(start)

返回索引start到字符串的末尾之间的部分

• split()

  将字符串划分为子串数组，返回该数组

const str = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.';
const words = str.split(' ');
console.log(words[3]);
// expected output: "fox"

• slice( begin， end)

提取字符串的一部分并将其作为新字符串返回，而不修改原始字符串

注：begin值为负数则从字符串后面开始数，省略end则一直提取到字符串末位

slice( begin)

const str = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.';
console.log(str.slice(31));
// expected output: "the lazy dog."

• trim()

  返回一个将str开头和结尾的空格都去掉的字符串

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判断

判断str是否以指定子串开头或结尾，是则返回true，否则返回false

• startsWith()

• endsWith()