SpringBoot2的入门案例

SpringBoot2的入门案例

SpringBoot2：

Spring Boot是由Pivotal团队提供的全新框架，其设计目的是用来简化新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。该框架使用了特定的方式来进行配置，从而使开发人员不再需要定义样板化的配置。通过这种方式，Spring Boot致力于在蓬勃发展的快速应用开发领域(rapid application development)成为领导者。

特点：

SpringBoot所具备的特征有：

（1）可以创建独立的Spring应用程序，并且基于其Maven或Gradle插件，可以创建可执行的JARs和WARs；

（2）内嵌Tomcat或Jetty等Servlet容器；

（3）提供自动配置的“starter”项目对象模型（POMS）以简化Maven配置；

（4）尽可能自动配置Spring容器；

（5）提供准备好的特性，如指标、健康检查和外部化配置；

（6）绝对没有代码生成，不需要XML配置。

开始体验一下SpringBoot的强大，和所有的案例一样，从helloworld开始体验

SpringBoot官网也给出了helloworld的入门示例，这个就是根据官网的入门进行编写，官网地址：

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/getting-started.html#getting-started-first-application-pom

SpringBoot对使用的工具有一个约束，要求java在1.8+，maven在3.3+

可以通过java --version 和 mvn -v 查看java和maven的安装版本

1. 然后在idea中新建maven项目，设置GroupId和artifactid

2. 在pom.xml中添加父节点

       <parent>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
           <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
       </parent>
   

3. 在pom.xml中添加所需要的依赖

   <dependencies>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
           </dependency>
       </dependencies>
   

   在依赖添加之后，会在依赖中看到所需要的依赖已经自动添加了进来

4. 开始编写主程序，在SpringBoot2的包结构中，结构如下所示

程序的编写在main包中，测试在test包中，所以在main包中创建java类进行主程序的编写

5. 编写主程序类，在类的上方注明@SpringBootApplication,标明这是一个SpringBoot应用

   import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
   import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
   
   /**
    * @SpringBootApplication说明这是一个SpringBoot应用
    * 主程序类
    */
   @SpringBootApplication
   public class MainApplication {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class,args);//使用反射，可以看做是固定写法，将主程序跑起来
       }
   }
   

6. 编写Controller类，专门用来处理请求

   import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
   import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
   import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
   import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
   
   /**
    * @Controller注解，控制器，专门用来处理请求
    * @ResponseBody注解，将返回的数据写给浏览器，如果有多个返回给浏览器的请求，则就需要写好多个@ResponseBody,所以将
    * @ResponseBody写在类上
    * @RestController注解，就是@Controller和@ResponseBody的和写，点进去@RestController就会发现就是@ResponseBody和@Controller的合体
    */
   @RestController
   //@Controller
   //@ResponseBody
   public class HelloController {
       /**
        * @RequestMapping注解，映射请求，希望浏览器能给我们发送/hello请求
        * @ResponseBody注解，将返回的数据写给浏览器，如果有多个返回给浏览器的请求，则就需要写好多个@ResponseBody,所以将
        * @ResponseBody写在类上
        * @return
        */
   //    @ResponseBody
       @RequestMapping("/hello")
       public String handle01(){
           return "Hello,SpringBoot!";
       }
   }
   

   点进去@RestController，就会发现集成了@ResponseBody和@Controller

   package org.springframework.web.bind.annotation;
   
   import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
   import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
   import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
   import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
   import java.lang.annotation.Target;
   import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
   import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
   
   @Target({ElementType.TYPE})
   @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
   @Documented
   @Controller
   @ResponseBody
   public @interface RestController {
       @AliasFor(
           annotation = Controller.class
       )
       String value() default "";
   }
   

7. 运行，如果是传统的方法，就需要整合TomCat。。。。等，在SpringBoot中只需要执行主程序中的main方法

   启动成功后访问localhost:8888/hello,注意，TomCat的端口默认是8080，只是在这里我自己改成了8888，端口号的修改在SpringBoot中也很简单，下面会讲解

8. 到这里我们的SpringBoot就已经测试成功，SpringBoot2的还有优点就是可以简化配置，在传统的手段中想要修改TomCat的端口号需要修改它的配置文件，在SpringBoot中修改就会变得简单

   • 首先创建一个配置文件，以后的所有配置都可以抽取在这一个配置文件中，application.properties

     server.port=8888
     

     以上就是把TomCat的端口号更改成了8888，再次重启服务器，访问8888端口

   • 在application.properties中更改的配置有哪些在官方文档中也给出了参考

     官方地址：https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/appendix-application-properties.html#common-application-properties
     

9. SpringBoot还可以简化部署，在传统的打包中，需要将文件打包成war包然后部署到TomCat上，在SpringBoot中我们可以创建一个可执行的jar包，借用SpringBoot提供的插件，直接可以打成jar包，这个jar包自带了运行环境（fat jar）

   • 引入依赖

     <build>
                 <plugins>
                     <plugin>
                         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                         <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                     </plugin>
                 </plugins>
         </build>
     

   • 使用maven打包

     clean + package

     • 打开文件所在终端，使用java -jar可以直接启动项目
       

10. 关于父项目

    在SpringBoot的开始现在pom.xml中添加了一个父项目

    <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
       </parent>
    

    这个父项目还有一个父项目，它的父项目是

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
      </parent>
    

    点开这个父项目可以看到里面约束了各种依赖的版本

    <properties>
        <activemq.version>5.15.13</activemq.version>
        <antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version>
        <appengine-sdk.version>1.9.82</appengine-sdk.version>
        <artemis.version>2.12.0</artemis.version>
        <aspectj.version>1.9.6</aspectj.version>
        <assertj.version>3.16.1</assertj.version>
        <atomikos.version>4.0.6</atomikos.version>
        <awaitility.version>4.0.3</awaitility.version>
        <bitronix.version>2.1.4</bitronix.version>
        <build-helper-maven-plugin.version>3.1.0</build-helper-maven-plugin.version>
        <byte-buddy.version>1.10.14</byte-buddy.version>
        <caffeine.version>2.8.5</caffeine.version>
        <cassandra-driver.version>4.6.1</cassandra-driver.version>
        <classmate.version>1.5.1</classmate.version>
        <commons-codec.version>1.14</commons-codec.version>
        <commons-dbcp2.version>2.7.0</commons-dbcp2.version>
        <commons-lang3.version>3.10</commons-lang3.version>
        <commons-pool.version>1.6</commons-pool.version>
        <commons-pool2.version>2.8.1</commons-pool2.version>
        <couchbase-client.version>3.0.8</couchbase-client.version>
        <db2-jdbc.version>11.5.4.0</db2-jdbc.version>
        <dependency-management-plugin.version>1.0.10.RELEASE</dependency-management-plugin.version>
        <derby.version>10.14.2.0</derby.version>
        <dropwizard-metrics.version>4.1.12.1</dropwizard-metrics.version>
        <ehcache.version>2.10.6</ehcache.version>
        <ehcache3.version>3.8.1</ehcache3.version>
        <elasticsearch.version>7.6.2</elasticsearch.version>
        <embedded-mongo.version>2.2.0</embedded-mongo.version>
        <exec-maven-plugin.version>1.6.0</exec-maven-plugin.version>
        <flatten-maven-plugin.version>1.2.5</flatten-maven-plugin.version>
        <flyway.version>6.4.4</flyway.version>
        <freemarker.version>2.3.30</freemarker.version>
        <git-commit-id-plugin.version>3.0.1</git-commit-id-plugin.version>
        <glassfish-el.version>3.0.3</glassfish-el.version>
        <glassfish-jaxb.version>2.3.3</glassfish-jaxb.version>
        <groovy.version>2.5.13</groovy.version>
        <gson.version>2.8.6</gson.version>
        <h2.version>1.4.200</h2.version>
        <hamcrest.version>2.2</hamcrest.version>
        <hazelcast.version>3.12.9</hazelcast.version>
        <hazelcast-hibernate5.version>1.3.2</hazelcast-hibernate5.version>
        <hibernate.version>5.4.21.Final</hibernate.version>
        <hibernate-validator.version>6.1.5.Final</hibernate-validator.version>
        <hikaricp.version>3.4.5</hikaricp.version>
        <hsqldb.version>2.5.1</hsqldb.version>
        <htmlunit.version>2.40.0</htmlunit.version>
        <httpasyncclient.version>4.1.4</httpasyncclient.version>
        <httpclient.version>4.5.12</httpclient.version>
        <httpcore.version>4.4.13</httpcore.version>
        <infinispan.version>10.1.8.Final</infinispan.version>
        <influxdb-java.version>2.18</influxdb-java.version>
        <jackson-bom.version>2.11.2</jackson-bom.version>
        <jakarta-activation.version>1.2.2</jakarta-activation.version>
        <jakarta-annotation.version>1.3.5</jakarta-annotation.version>
        <jakarta-jms.version>2.0.3</jakarta-jms.version>
        <jakarta-json.version>1.1.6</jakarta-json.version>
        <jakarta-json-bind.version>1.0.2</jakarta-json-bind.version>
        <jakarta-mail.version>1.6.5</jakarta-mail.version>
        <jakarta-persistence.version>2.2.3</jakarta-persistence.version>
        <jakarta-servlet.version>4.0.4</jakarta-servlet.version>
        <jakarta-servlet-jsp-jstl.version>1.2.7</jakarta-servlet-jsp-jstl.version>
        <jakarta-transaction.version>1.3.3</jakarta-transaction.version>
        <jakarta-validation.version>2.0.2</jakarta-validation.version>
        <jakarta-websocket.version>1.1.2</jakarta-websocket.version>
        <jakarta-ws-rs.version>2.1.6</jakarta-ws-rs.version>
        <jakarta-xml-bind.version>2.3.3</jakarta-xml-bind.version>
        <jakarta-xml-soap.version>1.4.2</jakarta-xml-soap.version>
        <jakarta-xml-ws.version>2.3.3</jakarta-xml-ws.version>
        <janino.version>3.1.2</janino.version>
        <javax-activation.version>1.2.0</javax-activation.version>
        <javax-annotation.version>1.3.2</javax-annotation.version>
        <javax-cache.version>1.1.1</javax-cache.version>
        <javax-jaxb.version>2.3.1</javax-jaxb.version>
        <javax-jaxws.version>2.3.1</javax-jaxws.version>
        <javax-jms.version>2.0.1</javax-jms.version>
        <javax-json.version>1.1.4</javax-json.version>
        <javax-jsonb.version>1.0</javax-jsonb.version>
        <javax-mail.version>1.6.2</javax-mail.version>
        <javax-money.version>1.0.3</javax-money.version>
        <javax-persistence.version>2.2</javax-persistence.version>
        <javax-transaction.version>1.3</javax-transaction.version>
        <javax-validation.version>2.0.1.Final</javax-validation.version>
        <javax-websocket.version>1.1</javax-websocket.version>
        <jaxen.version>1.2.0</jaxen.version>
        <jaybird.version>3.0.9</jaybird.version>
        <jboss-logging.version>3.4.1.Final</jboss-logging.version>
        <jboss-transaction-spi.version>7.6.0.Final</jboss-transaction-spi.version>
        <jdom2.version>2.0.6</jdom2.version>
        <jedis.version>3.3.0</jedis.version>
        <jersey.version>2.30.1</jersey.version>
        <jetty-el.version>8.5.54</jetty-el.version>
        <jetty-jsp.version>2.2.0.v201112011158</jetty-jsp.version>
        <jetty-reactive-httpclient.version>1.1.4</jetty-reactive-httpclient.version>
        <jetty.version>9.4.31.v20200723</jetty.version>
        <jmustache.version>1.15</jmustache.version>
        <johnzon.version>1.2.8</johnzon.version>
        <jolokia.version>1.6.2</jolokia.version>
        <jooq.version>3.13.4</jooq.version>
        <json-path.version>2.4.0</json-path.version>
        <json-smart.version>2.3</json-smart.version>
        <jsonassert.version>1.5.0</jsonassert.version>
        <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
        <jtds.version>1.3.1</jtds.version>
        <junit.version>4.13</junit.version>
        <junit-jupiter.version>5.6.2</junit-jupiter.version>
        <kafka.version>2.5.1</kafka.version>
        <kotlin.version>1.3.72</kotlin.version>
        <kotlin-coroutines.version>1.3.8</kotlin-coroutines.version>
        <lettuce.version>5.3.4.RELEASE</lettuce.version>
        <liquibase.version>3.8.9</liquibase.version>
        <log4j2.version>2.13.3</log4j2.version>
        <logback.version>1.2.3</logback.version>
        <lombok.version>1.18.12</lombok.version>
        <mariadb.version>2.6.2</mariadb.version>
        <maven-antrun-plugin.version>1.8</maven-antrun-plugin.version>
        <maven-assembly-plugin.version>3.3.0</maven-assembly-plugin.version>
        <maven-clean-plugin.version>3.1.0</maven-clean-plugin.version>
        <maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.8.1</maven-compiler-plugin.version>
        <maven-dependency-plugin.version>3.1.2</maven-dependency-plugin.version>
        <maven-deploy-plugin.version>2.8.2</maven-deploy-plugin.version>
        <maven-enforcer-plugin.version>3.0.0-M3</maven-enforcer-plugin.version>
        <maven-failsafe-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-failsafe-plugin.version>
        <maven-help-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-help-plugin.version>
        <maven-install-plugin.version>2.5.2</maven-install-plugin.version>
        <maven-invoker-plugin.version>3.2.1</maven-invoker-plugin.version>
        <maven-jar-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-jar-plugin.version>
        <maven-javadoc-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-javadoc-plugin.version>
        <maven-resources-plugin.version>3.1.0</maven-resources-plugin.version>
        <maven-shade-plugin.version>3.2.4</maven-shade-plugin.version>
        <maven-source-plugin.version>3.2.1</maven-source-plugin.version>
        <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
        <maven-war-plugin.version>3.2.3</maven-war-plugin.version>
        <micrometer.version>1.5.5</micrometer.version>
        <mimepull.version>1.9.13</mimepull.version>
        <mockito.version>3.3.3</mockito.version>
        <mongodb.version>4.0.5</mongodb.version>
        <mssql-jdbc.version>7.4.1.jre8</mssql-jdbc.version>
        <mysql.version>8.0.21</mysql.version>
        <nekohtml.version>1.9.22</nekohtml.version>
        <neo4j-ogm.version>3.2.16</neo4j-ogm.version>
        <netty.version>4.1.52.Final</netty.version>
        <netty-tcnative.version>2.0.34.Final</netty-tcnative.version>
        <nio-multipart-parser.version>1.1.0</nio-multipart-parser.version>
        <oauth2-oidc-sdk.version>7.1.1</oauth2-oidc-sdk.version>
        <nimbus-jose-jwt.version>8.19</nimbus-jose-jwt.version>
        <ojdbc.version>19.3.0.0</ojdbc.version>
        <okhttp3.version>3.14.9</okhttp3.version>
        <oracle-database.version>19.3.0.0</oracle-database.version>
        <pooled-jms.version>1.1.2</pooled-jms.version>
        <postgresql.version>42.2.16</postgresql.version>
        <prometheus-pushgateway.version>0.9.0</prometheus-pushgateway.version>
        <quartz.version>2.3.2</quartz.version>
        <querydsl.version>4.3.1</querydsl.version>
        <r2dbc-bom.version>Arabba-SR7</r2dbc-bom.version>
        <rabbit-amqp-client.version>5.9.0</rabbit-amqp-client.version>
        <reactive-streams.version>1.0.3</reactive-streams.version>
        <reactor-bom.version>Dysprosium-SR12</reactor-bom.version>
        <rest-assured.version>3.3.0</rest-assured.version>
        <rsocket.version>1.0.2</rsocket.version>
        <rxjava.version>1.3.8</rxjava.version>
        <rxjava-adapter.version>1.2.1</rxjava-adapter.version>
        <rxjava2.version>2.2.19</rxjava2.version>
        <saaj-impl.version>1.5.2</saaj-impl.version>
        <selenium.version>3.141.59</selenium.version>
        <selenium-htmlunit.version>2.40.0</selenium-htmlunit.version>
        <sendgrid.version>4.4.8</sendgrid.version>
        <servlet-api.version>4.0.1</servlet-api.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.7.30</slf4j.version>
        <snakeyaml.version>1.26</snakeyaml.version>
        <solr.version>8.5.2</solr.version>
        <spring-amqp.version>2.2.11.RELEASE</spring-amqp.version>
        <spring-batch.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring-batch.version>
        <spring-data-releasetrain.version>Neumann-SR4</spring-data-releasetrain.version>
        <spring-framework.version>5.2.9.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>
        <spring-hateoas.version>1.1.2.RELEASE</spring-hateoas.version>
        <spring-integration.version>5.3.2.RELEASE</spring-integration.version>
        <spring-kafka.version>2.5.6.RELEASE</spring-kafka.version>
        <spring-ldap.version>2.3.3.RELEASE</spring-ldap.version>
        <spring-restdocs.version>2.0.5.RELEASE</spring-restdocs.version>
        <spring-retry.version>1.2.5.RELEASE</spring-retry.version>
        <spring-security.version>5.3.4.RELEASE</spring-security.version>
        <spring-session-bom.version>Dragonfruit-SR1</spring-session-bom.version>
        <spring-ws.version>3.0.10.RELEASE</spring-ws.version>
        <sqlite-jdbc.version>3.31.1</sqlite-jdbc.version>
        <sun-mail.version>1.6.5</sun-mail.version>
        <thymeleaf.version>3.0.11.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
        <thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>2.0.1</thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>
        <thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>3.0.4.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>
        <thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity.version>3.0.4.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity.version>
        <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.4.1</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
        <tomcat.version>9.0.38</tomcat.version>
        <unboundid-ldapsdk.version>4.0.14</unboundid-ldapsdk.version>
        <undertow.version>2.1.4.Final</undertow.version>
        <versions-maven-plugin.version>2.7</versions-maven-plugin.version>
        <webjars-hal-browser.version>3325375</webjars-hal-browser.version>
        <webjars-locator-core.version>0.45</webjars-locator-core.version>
        <wsdl4j.version>1.6.3</wsdl4j.version>
        <xml-maven-plugin.version>1.0.2</xml-maven-plugin.version>
        <xmlunit2.version>2.7.0</xmlunit2.version>
      </properties>
    

    之所以在引入依赖的时候，没有指明版本号，就是因为其可以自动继承父项目中的版本号