Hadoop HDFS 的shell命令

Hadoop HDFS 的shell命令

通过shell操作HDFS的语法可以有两种
1.hadoop fs […]
2.hdfs dfs […]
输入hadoop fs或者hdfs fs之后可以返回命令大全

Usage: hadoop fs [generic options]
        [-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
        [-checksum <src> ...]
        [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
        [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
        [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
        [-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] [-t <thread count>] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-copyToLocal [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-count [-q] [-h] [-v] [-t [<storage type>]] [-u] [-x] [-e] <path> ...]
        [-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] [-d] <src> ... <dst>]
        [-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
        [-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
        [-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
        [-du [-s] [-h] [-v] [-x] <path> ...]
        [-expunge]
        [-find <path> ... <expression> ...]
        [-get [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-getfacl [-R] <path>]
        [-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>]
        [-getmerge [-nl] [-skip-empty-file] <src> <localdst>]
        [-head <file>]
        [-help [cmd ...]]
        [-ls [-C] [-d] [-h] [-q] [-R] [-t] [-S] [-r] [-u] [-e] [<path> ...]]
        [-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
        [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
        [-mv <src> ... <dst>]
        [-put [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
        [-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] [-safely] <src> ...]
        [-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
        [-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
        [-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>]
        [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
        [-stat [format] <path> ...]
        [-tail [-f] [-s <sleep interval>] <file>]
        [-test -[defsz] <path>]
        [-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
        [-touch [-a] [-m] [-t TIMESTAMP ] [-c] <path> ...]
        [-touchz <path> ...]
        [-truncate [-w] <length> <path> ...]
        [-usage [cmd ...]]

下面介绍几个常用的命令

一、命令说明

-help

hadoop fs -help [command]

如果对于某个命令不熟悉，想要知道具体的用法，可以使用 --help命令查看
比如：查看ls的命令使用说明

hadoop fs -help ls

-ls [-C] [-d] [-h] [-q] [-R] [-t] [-S] [-r] [-u] [-e] [<path> ...] :
  List the contents that match the specified file pattern. If path is not
  specified, the contents of /user/<currentUser> will be listed. For a directory a
  list of its direct children is returned (unless -d option is specified).

  Directory entries are of the form:
        permissions - userId groupId sizeOfDirectory(in bytes)
  modificationDate(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm) directoryName

  and file entries are of the form:
        permissions numberOfReplicas userId groupId sizeOfFile(in bytes)
  modificationDate(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm) fileName

    -C  Display the paths of files and directories only.
    -d  Directories are listed as plain files.
    -h  Formats the sizes of files in a human-readable fashion
        rather than a number of bytes.
    -q  Print ? instead of non-printable characters.
    -R  Recursively list the contents of directories.
    -t  Sort files by modification time (most recent first).
    -S  Sort files by size.
    -r  Reverse the order of the sort.
    -u  Use time of last access instead of modification for
        display and sorting.
    -e  Display the erasure coding policy of files and directories.

二、上传文件

1. -moveFromLocal：从本地剪切粘贴到 HDFS
2. -copyFromLocal：从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到 HDFS 路径去
3. -put：等同于 copyFromLocal，生产环境更习惯用 put
4. -appendToFile：追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾

三、下载文件

1. -copyToLocal：从 HDFS 拷贝到本地
2. -get：等同于 copyToLocal，生产环境更习惯用 get

四、新建、删除、查看等

基本和linux的shell命令一样了
比如：
ls：查看目录信息
cat：输出文件内容
mkdir：创建文件夹
touch：创建文件
rm：删除文件
mv：移动文件
cp：复制文件
chomd：修改文件权限
chown：修改用户权限
tail：显示文件末尾1kb
du：显示文件大小
关于du命令有文件和文件夹区分
看一下du的使用：

hadoop fs -help du

-du [-s] [-h] [-v] [-x] <path> ... :
  Show the amount of space, in bytes, used by the files that match the specified
  file pattern. The following flags are optional:

  -s  Rather than showing the size of each individual file that matches the
      pattern, shows the total (summary) size.
  -h  Formats the sizes of files in a human-readable fashion rather than a number
      of bytes.
  -v  option displays a header line.
  -x  Excludes snapshots from being counted.

  Note that, even without the -s option, this only shows size summaries one level
  deep into a directory.

  The output is in the form
        size    disk space consumed     name(full path)

首先可以看命令返回的结果格式是：

The output is in the form
        size    disk space consumed     name(full path)

就是单副本大小、多副本大小、文件路径
可以看到这个命令的参数
-s：如果是一个文件夹，会显示文件夹的总大小

hadoop fs -du -s /

结果：

658519139  1975557417  /

-h：会格式化结果

hadoop fs -du -s -h /

结果：

628.0 M  1.8 G  /

-v：显示出表头

hadoop fs -du -s -h -v /

结果：

SIZE     DISK_SPACE_CONSUMED_WITH_ALL_REPLICAS  FULL_PATH_NAME
628.0 M  1.8 G                                  /