SM4 算法介绍及分散加密方案
- 国密算法是中国国家密码管理局颁布的密码算法标准，包括：SM1（SCB2）、SM2、SM3、SM4、SM7、SM9、祖冲之密码算法（ZUC） 等。
- 其中 SM1、SM4、SM7、祖冲之密码（ZUC）是对称算法。
- SM2、SM9 是非对称算法。
1. 參考链接
2. 概念
2.1. SM4
- 对称算法；此算法是一个分组算法，用于无线局域网产品； SM4 算法与 AES 算法具有相同的密钥长度和分组长度，都是 128 位。
- SM4 接口大多是以最小单位 16Byte 进行加解密。因此 SM4 的密文长度通常是 16Byte 的倍数。当你待加密数据小于 16Byte 时，你便需要使用填充算法。
2.2. ECB
- ECB（Electronic Codebook）模式是一种基本的分组密码工作模式，用于将明文分割成固定大小的块并对每个块进行独立加密。
- 在 ECB 模式下，每个明文块都会被独立地使用相同的密钥进行加密，因此相同的明文块会得到相同的密文块。这种一对一的加密方式使得 ECB 模式在某些情况下容易受到攻击，特别是当明文中存在重复的块时，攻击者可以通过观察和比较密文块来推断出明文的一些信息。
- 由于这些安全性问题，ECB 模式通常不推荐在实际应用中使用。更安全的替代模式包括 CBC、CTR、OFB 和 CFB 等。
3. PKCS5Padding
- PKCS5Padding 是一种填充（Padding）方案，用于在对称加密算法中对数据进行块填充。它是公钥密码标准第 5 部分（PKCS#5）中定义的一种填充方式；
- PKCS5Padding 的作用是将数据填充到加密算法所要求的块大小，以确保数据长度符合加密算法的要求。
- 在块密码中，加密算法通常要求明文数据长度为固定的块大小。PKCS5Padding 通过在数据末尾添加填充字节，使得数据长度能够被块大小整除。
- 填充字节的值等于需要填充的字节数，例如需要填充 3 个字节，则填充字节为 0x03。在解密时，可以通过检查最后一个字节的值来确定填充的字节数，并将其去除。
- 特殊情况下，如果已经满足了块大小整倍数，按照 PKCS5 的规则，仍然需要在尾部填充，目的是为了加解密时统一处理填充。
- PKCS5Padding 是常见的填充方案之一，被广泛应用于各种加密算法和协议中，如 AES、DES 等。
4. 使用 SM4 分散加密用户信息方案
- 规定一个 16 字节的根密钥 root；
- 使用 root 密钥加密
当前用户编号字段，获取当前用户的数据加密密钥 datakey; - 使用 dataKey 密钥加密当前用户其他字段信息；
- 这样就能保证加密每一个用户的密钥都是不同的；
5. 方案实现
public static void main(String[] args) {
byte[] key = this.hexStringToBytes("63313335373632623832933537333239");
byte[] dataKey = CryptKeyUtil2.encryptData_SM4(key, Util.hexStringToBytes(user.getUserNo()));
byte[] passwordCiphertext = CryptKeyUtil2.encryptData_SM4(dataKey, Util.hexStringToBytes(user.getPassword()));
data.setPassWord(new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(passwordCiphertext)));
}
public static String byteToHex(byte b[]) {
if (b == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Argument b ( byte array ) is null! ");
}
String hs = "";
String stmp = "";
for (int n = 0; n < b.length; n++) {
stmp = Integer.toHexString(b[n] & 0xff);
if (stmp.length() == 1) {
hs = hs + "0" + stmp;
} else {
hs = hs + stmp;
}
}
return hs.toUpperCase();
}
public static byte[] hexStringToBytes(String hexString) {
if (hexString == null || hexString.equals("")) {
return null;
}
hexString = hexString.toUpperCase();
int length = hexString.length() / 2;
char[] hexChars = hexString.toCharArray();
byte[] d = new byte[length];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
int pos = i * 2;
d[i] = (byte) (charToByte(hexChars[pos]) << 4 | charToByte(hexChars[pos + 1]));
}
return d;
}
public static byte[] encryptData_SM4(byte[] key, byte[] data) {
try {
SM4_Context ctx = new SM4_Context();
ctx.isPadding = true;
ctx.mode = SM4.SM4_ENCRYPT;
SM4 sm4 = new SM4();
sm4.sm4_setkey_enc(ctx, key);
return sm4.sm4_crypt_ecb(ctx, data);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
public static byte[] decryptData_SM4(byte[] key, byte[] data) {
try {
SM4_Context ctx = new SM4_Context();
ctx.isPadding = true;
ctx.mode = SM4.SM4_DECRYPT;
SM4 sm4 = new SM4();
sm4.sm4_setkey_dec(ctx, key);
return sm4.sm4_crypt_ecb(ctx, data);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
public class SM4_Context {
public int mode;
public long[] sk;
public boolean isPadding;
public SM4_Context() {
this.mode = 1;
this.isPadding = true;
this.sk = new long[32];
}
}
public class SM4 {
public static final int SM4_ENCRYPT = 1;
public static final int SM4_DECRYPT = 0;
private long GET_ULONG_BE(byte[] b, int i) {
long n = (long) (b[i] & 0xff) << 24 | (long) ((b[i + 1] & 0xff) << 16) | (long) ((b[i + 2] & 0xff) << 8)
| (long) (b[i + 3] & 0xff) & 0xffffffffL;
return n;
}
private void PUT_ULONG_BE(long n, byte[] b, int i) {
b[i] = (byte) (int) (0xFF & n >> 24);
b[i + 1] = (byte) (int) (0xFF & n >> 16);
b[i + 2] = (byte) (int) (0xFF & n >> 8);
b[i + 3] = (byte) (int) (0xFF & n);
}
private long SHL(long x, int n) {
return (x & 0xFFFFFFFF) << n;
}
private long ROTL(long x, int n) {
return SHL(x, n) | x >> (32 - n);
}
private void SWAP(long[] sk, int i) {
long t = sk[i];
sk[i] = sk[(31 - i)];
sk[(31 - i)] = t;
}
public static final byte[] SboxTable = { (byte) 0xd6, (byte) 0x90, (byte) 0xe9, (byte) 0xfe, (byte) 0xcc,
(byte) 0xe1, 0x3d, (byte) 0xb7, 0x16, (byte) 0xb6, 0x14, (byte) 0xc2, 0x28, (byte) 0xfb, 0x2c, 0x05, 0x2b,
0x67, (byte) 0x9a, 0x76, 0x2a, (byte) 0xbe, 0x04, (byte) 0xc3, (byte) 0xaa, 0x44, 0x13, 0x26, 0x49,
(byte) 0x86, 0x06, (byte) 0x99, (byte) 0x9c, 0x42, 0x50, (byte) 0xf4, (byte) 0x91, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x98,
0x7a, 0x33, 0x54, 0x0b, 0x43, (byte) 0xed, (byte) 0xcf, (byte) 0xac, 0x62, (byte) 0xe4, (byte) 0xb3, 0x1c,
(byte) 0xa9, (byte) 0xc9, 0x08, (byte) 0xe8, (byte) 0x95, (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0xdf, (byte) 0x94,
(byte) 0xfa, 0x75, (byte) 0x8f, 0x3f, (byte) 0xa6, 0x47, 0x07, (byte) 0xa7, (byte) 0xfc, (byte) 0xf3, 0x73,
0x17, (byte) 0xba, (byte) 0x83, 0x59, 0x3c, 0x19, (byte) 0xe6, (byte) 0x85, 0x4f, (byte) 0xa8, 0x68, 0x6b,
(byte) 0x81, (byte) 0xb2, 0x71, 0x64, (byte) 0xda, (byte) 0x8b, (byte) 0xf8, (byte) 0xeb, 0x0f, 0x4b, 0x70,
0x56, (byte) 0x9d, 0x35, 0x1e, 0x24, 0x0e, 0x5e, 0x63, 0x58, (byte) 0xd1, (byte) 0xa2, 0x25, 0x22, 0x7c,
0x3b, 0x01, 0x21, 0x78, (byte) 0x87, (byte) 0xd4, 0x00, 0x46, 0x57, (byte) 0x9f, (byte) 0xd3, 0x27, 0x52,
0x4c, 0x36, 0x02, (byte) 0xe7, (byte) 0xa0, (byte) 0xc4, (byte) 0xc8, (byte) 0x9e, (byte) 0xea, (byte) 0xbf,
(byte) 0x8a, (byte) 0xd2, 0x40, (byte) 0xc7, 0x38, (byte) 0xb5, (byte) 0xa3, (byte) 0xf7, (byte) 0xf2,
(byte) 0xce, (byte) 0xf9, 0x61, 0x15, (byte) 0xa1, (byte) 0xe0, (byte) 0xae, 0x5d, (byte) 0xa4, (byte) 0x9b,
0x34, 0x1a, 0x55, (byte) 0xad, (byte) 0x93, 0x32, 0x30, (byte) 0xf5, (byte) 0x8c, (byte) 0xb1, (byte) 0xe3,
0x1d, (byte) 0xf6, (byte) 0xe2, 0x2e, (byte) 0x82, 0x66, (byte) 0xca, 0x60, (byte) 0xc0, 0x29, 0x23,
(byte) 0xab, 0x0d, 0x53, 0x4e, 0x6f, (byte) 0xd5, (byte) 0xdb, 0x37, 0x45, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0xfd,
(byte) 0x8e, 0x2f, 0x03, (byte) 0xff, 0x6a, 0x72, 0x6d, 0x6c, 0x5b, 0x51, (byte) 0x8d, 0x1b, (byte) 0xaf,
(byte) 0x92, (byte) 0xbb, (byte) 0xdd, (byte) 0xbc, 0x7f, 0x11, (byte) 0xd9, 0x5c, 0x41, 0x1f, 0x10, 0x5a,
(byte) 0xd8, 0x0a, (byte) 0xc1, 0x31, (byte) 0x88, (byte) 0xa5, (byte) 0xcd, 0x7b, (byte) 0xbd, 0x2d, 0x74,
(byte) 0xd0, 0x12, (byte) 0xb8, (byte) 0xe5, (byte) 0xb4, (byte) 0xb0, (byte) 0x89, 0x69, (byte) 0x97, 0x4a,
0x0c, (byte) 0x96, 0x77, 0x7e, 0x65, (byte) 0xb9, (byte) 0xf1, 0x09, (byte) 0xc5, 0x6e, (byte) 0xc6,
(byte) 0x84, 0x18, (byte) 0xf0, 0x7d, (byte) 0xec, 0x3a, (byte) 0xdc, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, (byte) 0xee, 0x5f,
0x3e, (byte) 0xd7, (byte) 0xcb, 0x39, 0x48 };
public static final int[] FK = { 0xa3b1bac6, 0x56aa3350, 0x677d9197, 0xb27022dc };
public static final int[] CK = { 0x00070e15, 0x1c232a31, 0x383f464d, 0x545b6269, 0x70777e85, 0x8c939aa1, 0xa8afb6bd,
0xc4cbd2d9, 0xe0e7eef5, 0xfc030a11, 0x181f262d, 0x343b4249, 0x50575e65, 0x6c737a81, 0x888f969d, 0xa4abb2b9,
0xc0c7ced5, 0xdce3eaf1, 0xf8ff060d, 0x141b2229, 0x30373e45, 0x4c535a61, 0x686f767d, 0x848b9299, 0xa0a7aeb5,
0xbcc3cad1, 0xd8dfe6ed, 0xf4fb0209, 0x10171e25, 0x2c333a41, 0x484f565d, 0x646b7279 };
private byte sm4Sbox(byte inch) {
int i = inch & 0xFF;
byte retVal = SboxTable[i];
return retVal;
}
private long sm4Lt(long ka) {
long bb = 0L;
long c = 0L;
byte[] a = new byte[4];
byte[] b = new byte[4];
PUT_ULONG_BE(ka, a, 0);
b[0] = sm4Sbox(a[0]);
b[1] = sm4Sbox(a[1]);
b[2] = sm4Sbox(a[2]);
b[3] = sm4Sbox(a[3]);
bb = GET_ULONG_BE(b, 0);
c = bb ^ ROTL(bb, 2) ^ ROTL(bb, 10) ^ ROTL(bb, 18) ^ ROTL(bb, 24);
return c;
}
private long sm4F(long x0, long x1, long x2, long x3, long rk) {
return x0 ^ sm4Lt(x1 ^ x2 ^ x3 ^ rk);
}
private long sm4CalciRK(long ka) {
long bb = 0L;
long rk = 0L;
byte[] a = new byte[4];
byte[] b = new byte[4];
PUT_ULONG_BE(ka, a, 0);
b[0] = sm4Sbox(a[0]);
b[1] = sm4Sbox(a[1]);
b[2] = sm4Sbox(a[2]);
b[3] = sm4Sbox(a[3]);
bb = GET_ULONG_BE(b, 0);
rk = bb ^ ROTL(bb, 13) ^ ROTL(bb, 23);
return rk;
}
private void sm4_setkey(long[] SK, byte[] key) {
long[] MK = new long[4];
long[] k = new long[36];
int i = 0;
MK[0] = GET_ULONG_BE(key, 0);
MK[1] = GET_ULONG_BE(key, 4);
MK[2] = GET_ULONG_BE(key, 8);
MK[3] = GET_ULONG_BE(key, 12);
k[0] = MK[0] ^ (long) FK[0];
k[1] = MK[1] ^ (long) FK[1];
k[2] = MK[2] ^ (long) FK[2];
k[3] = MK[3] ^ (long) FK[3];
for (; i < 32; i++) {
k[(i + 4)] = (k[i] ^ sm4CalciRK(k[(i + 1)] ^ k[(i + 2)] ^ k[(i + 3)] ^ (long) CK[i]));
SK[i] = k[(i + 4)];
}
}
private void sm4_one_round(long[] sk, byte[] input, byte[] output) {
int i = 0;
long[] ulbuf = new long[36];
ulbuf[0] = GET_ULONG_BE(input, 0);
ulbuf[1] = GET_ULONG_BE(input, 4);
ulbuf[2] = GET_ULONG_BE(input, 8);
ulbuf[3] = GET_ULONG_BE(input, 12);
while (i < 32) {
ulbuf[(i + 4)] = sm4F(ulbuf[i], ulbuf[(i + 1)], ulbuf[(i + 2)], ulbuf[(i + 3)], sk[i]);
i++;
}
PUT_ULONG_BE(ulbuf[35], output, 0);
PUT_ULONG_BE(ulbuf[34], output, 4);
PUT_ULONG_BE(ulbuf[33], output, 8);
PUT_ULONG_BE(ulbuf[32], output, 12);
}
private byte[] padding(byte[] input, int mode) {
if (input == null) {
return null;
}
byte[] ret = (byte[]) null;
if (mode == SM4_ENCRYPT) {
int p = 16 - input.length % 16;
ret = new byte[input.length + p];
System.arraycopy(input, 0, ret, 0, input.length);
for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
ret[input.length + i] = (byte) p;
}
} else {
int p = input[input.length - 1];
ret = new byte[input.length - p];
System.arraycopy(input, 0, ret, 0, input.length - p);
}
return ret;
}
public void sm4_setkey_enc(SM4_Context ctx, byte[] key) throws Exception {
if (ctx == null) {
throw new Exception("ctx is null!");
}
if (key == null || key.length != 16) {
throw new Exception("key error!");
}
ctx.mode = SM4_ENCRYPT;
sm4_setkey(ctx.sk, key);
}
public void sm4_setkey_dec(SM4_Context ctx, byte[] key) throws Exception {
if (ctx == null) {
throw new Exception("ctx is null!");
}
if (key == null || key.length != 16) {
throw new Exception("key error!");
}
int i = 0;
ctx.mode = SM4_DECRYPT;
sm4_setkey(ctx.sk, key);
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
SWAP(ctx.sk, i);
}
}
public byte[] sm4_crypt_ecb(SM4_Context ctx, byte[] input) throws Exception {
if (input == null) {
throw new Exception("input is null!");
}
if ((ctx.isPadding) && (ctx.mode == SM4_ENCRYPT)) {
input = padding(input, SM4_ENCRYPT);
}
int length = input.length;
ByteArrayInputStream bins = new ByteArrayInputStream(input);
ByteArrayOutputStream bous = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
for (; length > 0; length -= 16) {
byte[] in = new byte[16];
byte[] out = new byte[16];
bins.read(in);
sm4_one_round(ctx.sk, in, out);
bous.write(out);
}
byte[] output = bous.toByteArray();
if (ctx.isPadding && ctx.mode == SM4_DECRYPT) {
output = padding(output, SM4_DECRYPT);
}
bins.close();
bous.close();
return output;
}
public byte[] sm4_crypt_cbc(SM4_Context ctx, byte[] iv, byte[] input) throws Exception {
if (iv == null || iv.length != 16) {
throw new Exception("iv error!");
}
if (input == null) {
throw new Exception("input is null!");
}
if (ctx.isPadding && ctx.mode == SM4_ENCRYPT) {
input = padding(input, SM4_ENCRYPT);
}
int i = 0;
int length = input.length;
ByteArrayInputStream bins = new ByteArrayInputStream(input);
ByteArrayOutputStream bous = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
if (ctx.mode == SM4_ENCRYPT) {
for (; length > 0; length -= 16) {
byte[] in = new byte[16];
byte[] out = new byte[16];
byte[] out1 = new byte[16];
bins.read(in);
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
out[i] = ((byte) (in[i] ^ iv[i]));
}
sm4_one_round(ctx.sk, out, out1);
System.arraycopy(out1, 0, iv, 0, 16);
bous.write(out1);
}
} else {
byte[] temp = new byte[16];
for (; length > 0; length -= 16) {
byte[] in = new byte[16];
byte[] out = new byte[16];
byte[] out1 = new byte[16];
bins.read(in);
System.arraycopy(in, 0, temp, 0, 16);
sm4_one_round(ctx.sk, in, out);
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
out1[i] = ((byte) (out[i] ^ iv[i]));
}
System.arraycopy(temp, 0, iv, 0, 16);
bous.write(out1);
}
}
byte[] output = bous.toByteArray();
if (ctx.isPadding && ctx.mode == SM4_DECRYPT) {
output = padding(output, SM4_DECRYPT);
}
bins.close();
bous.close();
return output;
}
}
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