1. 先定义类
类是对象相似数据与功能的集合体
所以类体中最常见的是变量与函数的定义,但是类体其实是可以包含任意其他代码的
注意:类体代码是在类定义阶段就会立即执行,会产生类的名称空间
class Student:
# 1、变量的定义
stu_school = 'oldboy'
# 2、功能的定义
def tell_stu_info(stu_obj):
print('学生信息:名字:%s 年龄:%s 性别:%s' % (
stu_obj['stu_name'],
stu_obj['stu_age'],
stu_obj['stu_gender']
))
def set_info(stu_obj, x, y, z):
stu_obj['stu_name'] = x
stu_obj['stu_age'] = y
stu_obj['stu_gender'] = z
# print('========>')
print(Student.__dict__)
属性访问的语法
1.1 访问数据属性
print(Student.stu_school) # Student.__dict__['stu_school']
1.2 访问函数属性
print(Student.set_info) # Student.__dict__['set_info']
Student.x=1111 #Student.__dict__['x]=111
print(Student.__dict__)
1.3 再调用类产生对象
stu1_obj = Student()
stu2_obj = Student()
stu3_obj = Student()
print(stu1_obj.__dict__)
print(stu2_obj.__dict__)
print(stu3_obj.__dict__)
为对象定制自己独有的属性
问题1:代码重复
问题2:属性的查找顺序
stu1_obj.stu_name='egon' # stu1_obj.__dict__['stu_name']='egon'
stu1_obj.stu_age=18 # stu1_obj.__dict__['stu_age']=18
stu1_obj.stu_gender='male' # stu1_obj.__dict__['stu_gender']='male'
# print(stu1_obj.__dict__)
stu2_obj.stu_name='lili'
stu2_obj.stu_age=19
stu2_obj.stu_gender='female'
# print(stu2_obj.__dict__)
stu3_obj.stu_name='jack'
stu3_obj.stu_age=20
stu3_obj.stu_gender='male'
# print(stu2_obj.__dict__)
解决问题一:
- 解决方案一:
# def init(obj,x,y,z):
# obj.stu_name=x
# obj.stu_age=y
# obj.stu_gender=z
#
# init(stu1_obj,'egon',18,'male')
# init(stu2_obj,'lili',19,'female')
# init(stu2_obj,'jack',20,'male')
- 解决方案二:
一:先定义类
class Student:
# 1、变量的定义
stu_school = 'oldboy'
# 空对象,'egon',18,'male'
def __init__(obj, x, y, z):
obj.stu_name = x # 空对象.stu_name='egon'
obj.stu_age = y # 空对象.stu_age=18
obj.stu_gender = z # 空对象.stu_gender='male'
# return None
# 2、功能的定义
def tell_stu_info(stu_obj):
print('学生信息:名字:%s 年龄:%s 性别:%s' % (
stu_obj['stu_name'],
stu_obj['stu_age'],
stu_obj['stu_gender']
))
def set_info(stu_obj, x, y, z):
stu_obj['stu_name'] = x
stu_obj['stu_age'] = y
stu_obj['stu_gender'] = z
# print('========>')
二:再调用类产生对象
调用类的过程又称之为实例化,发生了三件事
- 先产生一个空对象
- python会自动调用类中的__init__方法然将空对象已经调用类时括号内传入的参数一同传给__init__方法
- 返回初始完的对象
stu1_obj = Student('egon', 18, 'male') # Student.__init__(空对象,'egon',18,'male')
stu2_obj=Student('lili',19,'female')
stu3_obj=Student('jack',20,'male')
print(stu1_obj.__dict__)
print(stu2_obj.__dict__)
print(stu3_obj.__dict__)
总结__init__方法
- 会在调用类时自动触发执行,用来为对象初始化自己独有的数据
- __init__内应该存放是为对象初始化属性的功能,但是是可以存放任意其他代码,想要在类调用时就立刻执行的代码都可以放到该方法内
- __init__方法必须返回None