springmvc程序的执行步骤

导入依赖

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>12</source>
                    <target>12</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

在web.xml中注册DispatcherServlet，指定配置文件。

<!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--启动级别-1-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!--/ 匹配所有的请求；（不包括.jsp）-->
    <!--/* 匹配所有的请求；（包括.jsp）-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

编写Spring配置文件

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView
1. 获取了ModelAndView的数据
2. 解析ModelAndView的视图名字
3. 拼接视图名字，找到对应的视图  /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
4. 讲数据渲染到视图上
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <!--前缀-->
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
    <!--后缀-->
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>


<!--Handler-->
<bean id="/hello" class="com.shuai.controller.HelloController"/>

编写的Controller类需要实现Controller接口，或者添加注解，需要返回一个ModelAndView封装数据。类通过IOC容器注册Bean。

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

//注意：这里我们先导入Controller接口
public class HelloController implements Controller {

    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        //ModelAndView 模型和视图
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();

        //封装对象，放在ModelAndView中。Model
        mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC!");
        //封装要跳转的视图，放在ModelAndView中
        mv.setViewName("hello"); //: /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
        return mv;
    }
}