《云计算》-MySql基础：Mysql密码恢复、设置管理密码、恢复密码

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-24 23:35:30 发布

尹汇川

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-24 23:35:30 发布

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分类专栏：云计算全栈之mysql 文章标签： mysql

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密码恢复及设置
2.1 问题

本案例要求密码恢复及设置，完成以下任务操作：

恢复MySQL管理列表
正常设置管理密码

    
    
    
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2.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：重置MySQL管理密码

1）首先停止已运行的MySQL服务程序

[root@dbsvr1 ~]# systemctl  stop mysqld.service           //停止服务
[root@dbsvr1 ~]# systemctl  status mysqld.service          //确认状态
mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since 五 2017-04-07 23:01:38 CST; 21s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 20260 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 20238 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 20262 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

    
    
    
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2）然后跳过授权表启动MySQL服务程序

这一步主要利用mysqld的 --skip-grant-tables选项

修改my.cnf配置，添加 skip_grant_tables=1启动设置：

[root@dbsvr1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
skip_grant_tables=1
.. ..
[root@dbsvr1 ~]# systemctl  restart mysqld.service
[root@dbsvr1 ~]# service mysql status
mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled)
   Active: active (running) since 五 2017-04-07 23:40:20 CST; 40s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 11698 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 11676 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 11701 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─11701 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.p...

    
    
    
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3）使用mysql命令连接到MySQL服务，重设root的密码

由于前一步启动的MySQL服务跳过了授权表，所以可以root从本机直接登录

[root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysql -u root
Enter password:                                 //直接回车即可
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 

    
    
    
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进入 mysql> 环境后，通过修改mysql库中user表的相关记录，重设root用户从本机登录的密码：

mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('1234567')
    -> WHERE user='root' AND host='localhost';              //重设root的密码
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;                                  //刷新授权表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit                                              //退出mysql> 环境
Bye

    
    
    
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通过执行“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”可使授权表立即生效，对于正常运行的MySQL服务，也可以用上述方法来修改密码，不用重启服务。本例中因为是恢复密码，最好重启MySQL服务程序，所以上述“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”操作可跳过。

4）重新以正常方式启动MySQL服务程序，验证新密码

如果前面是修改/etc/my.cnf配置的方法来跳过授权表，则重置root密码后，应去除相应的设置以恢复正常：

[root@dbsvr1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
#skip_grant_tables=1                              //注释掉或删除此行
.. ..

    
    
    
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按正常方式，通过mysql脚本重启服务即可：

[root@dbsvr1 ~]# systemctl  restart mysqld.service

    
    
    
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验证无密码登录时，将会被拒绝：

[root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysql -u root
Enter password:                            //没有跳过授权表回车会报错
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

    
    
    
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只有提供重置后的新密码，才能成功登入：

[root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysql -u root –p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 

    
    
    
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步骤二：正常设置MySQL管理密码

正常的前提是：已知当前MySQL管理用户（root）的密码。

1）方法1，在Shell命令行下设置

使用mysqladmin管理工具，需要验证旧的密码。比如，以下操作将会把root的密码设置为 1234567：

[root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysqladmin -u root -p password '1234567'                    
Enter password:                                   //验证原来的密码
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.                              //提示明文修改不安全，并不是报错

    
    
    
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2）方法2，以root登入mysql> 后，使用SET PASSWORD指令设置

这个与新安装MySQL-server后首次修改密码时要求的方式相同，平时也可以用：

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost=PASSWORD('1234567');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

    
    
    
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3）方法3，以root登入mysql> 后，使用GRANT授权工具设置

这个是最常见的用户授权方式（下一节会做更多授权的练习）：

mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '1234567';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

    
    
    
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4）方法4，以root登入mysql> 后，使用UPDATE更新相应的表记录

这种方法与恢复密码时的操作相同：

mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('1234567')
    -> WHERE user='root' AND host='localhost';          //重设root的密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 0  Warnings: 1
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;                                  //刷新授权表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    
    
    
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在上述方法中，需要特别注意：当MySQL服务程序以 skip-grant-tables 选项启动时，如果未执行“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”操作，是无法通过SET PASSWORD或者GRANT方式来设置密码的。比如，验证这两种方式时，都会看到ERROR 1290的出错提示：

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost=PASSWORD('1234567');
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '1234567';
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement

    
    
    
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