<p>2 案例2:文档管理<br> 2.1 问题</p>
基于MongoDB环境完成下列练习:
插入文档
查询文档
更新文档
删除文档
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2.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:管理文档
1)把系统用户信息/etc/passwd存储到mdb库下的user集合里
rs1:PRIMARY> use mdb
switched to db mdb
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.save({name:"yaya",password:"x",uid:9999,gid:9999,comment:"",homdir:"/home",shell:"/bin/bash"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> exit
bye
[root@mongodb52 ~]# mongoexport --host 192.168.4.52 --port 27078 -d mdb -c user -f name,password,uid,gid,comment,homdir,shell --type=csv -o /tmp/user.csv
2018-09-29T11:04:14.967+0800 connected to: 192.168.4.52:27078
2018-09-29T11:04:14.968+0800 exported 1 record
[root@mongodb52 ~]# cp /etc/passwd /tmp
[root@mongodb52 ~]# sed -i 's/:/,/g' /tmp/passwd
[root@mongodb52 ~]# sed -i '$r /tmp/passwd' /tmp/user.csv
[root@mongodb52 ~]# mongoimport --host 192.168.4.52 --port 27078 -d mdb -c user --headerline --type=csv /tmp/user.csv
2018-09-29T11:06:08.355+0800 connected to: 192.168.4.52:27078
2018-09-29T11:06:08.363+0800 imported 41 documents
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2)查看
[root@mongodb52 ~]# mongo --host 192.168.4.52 --port 27078
rs1:PRIMARY> use mdb
switched to db mdb
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5baeeb37ce3cc5539aa21f38"),
"name" : "yaya",
"password" : "x",
"uid" : 9999,
"gid" : 9999,
"comment" : "",
"homdir" : "/home",
"shell" : "/bin/bash"
}
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db.user.find({条件},{定义显示的字段}) #指定查询条件并指定显示的字段
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5baeeb37ce3cc5539aa21f38"), "name" : "yaya", "password" : "x", "uid" : 9999, "gid" : 9999, "comment" : "", "homdir" : "/home", "shell" : "/bin/bash" }
...
Type "it" for more //出现这个按it,默认出现20行
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查看每行的name字段
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({},{name:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5baeeb37ce3cc5539aa21f38"), "name" : "yaya" }
...
...
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5baeec2001805180a1011843"), "name" : "rpc" }
Type "it" for more
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不看_id字段
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({},{_id:0})
{ "name" : "yaya", "password" : "x", "uid" : 9999, "gid" : 9999, "comment" : "", "homdir" : "/home", "shell" : "/bin/bash" }
...
...
{ "name" : "rpc", "password" : "x", "uid" : 32, "gid" : 32, "comment" : "Rpcbind Daemon", "homdir" : "/var/lib/rpcbind", "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
Type "it" for more
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不看_id那一列,看name那一列
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({},{_id:0,name:1})
{ "name" : "yaya" }
...
...
{ "name" : "rpc" }
Type "it" for more
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查看以a开头的name字段
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({name:/^a/},{_id:0})
{ "name" : "adm", "password" : "x", "uid" : 3, "gid" : 4, "comment" : "adm", "homdir" : "/var/adm", "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
{ "name" : "abrt", "password" : "x", "uid" : 173, "gid" : 173, "comment" : "", "homdir" : "/etc/abrt", "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
{ "name" : "avahi", "password" : "x", "uid" : 70, "gid" : 70, "comment" : "Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack", "homdir" : "/var/run/avahi-daemon", "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
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显示查询结果的前一行
limit 数字
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({name:/^a/},{_id:0}).limit (1)
{ "name" : "adm", "password" : "x", "uid" : 3, "gid" : 4, "comment" : "adm", "homdir" : "/var/adm", "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
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显示name字段以a开头的第一行
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.findOne({name:/^a/},{_id:0,name:1,shell:1,uid:1})
{ "name" : "adm", "uid" : 3, "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
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跳过几行显示 (2行)
skip 数字
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({name:/^a/},{_id:0,name:1,shell:1}).skip (2)
{ "name" : "avahi", "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
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默认升序排序
sort 字段名
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({name:/^a/},{_id:0,name:1,shell:1,uid:1}).sort({uid:1})
{ "name" : "adm", "uid" : 3, "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
{ "name" : "avahi", "uid" : 70, "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
{ "name" : "abrt", "uid" : 173, "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
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降序排序
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({name:/^a/},{_id:0,name:1,shell:1,uid:1}).sort({uid:-1})
{ "name" : "abrt", "uid" : 173, "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
{ "name" : "avahi", "uid" : 70, "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
{ "name" : "adm", "uid" : 3, "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
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显示name字段以a开头和uid为3的所有行
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({name:/^a/,uid:3},{_id:0,name:1,shell:1,uid:1})
{ "name" : "adm", "uid" : 3, "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
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3)条件判断的表示方式
$in 在…里
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({uid:{$in:[1,6,9]}}) //uid的为1或者6或者9的匹配
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5baeec2001805180a1011833"), "name" : "bin", "password" : "x", "uid" : 1, "gid" : 1, "comment" : "bin", "homdir" : "/bin", "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5baeec2001805180a1011838"), "name" : "shutdown", "password" : "x", "uid" : 6, "gid" : 0, "comment" : "shutdown", "homdir" : "/sbin", "shell" : "/sbin/shutdown" }
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$nin 不在…里
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({uid:{$nin:[1,6,9]}},{_id:0,name:1,uid:1})
{ "name" : "yaya", "uid" : 9999 }
...
...
{ "name" : "saslauth", "uid" : 996 }
Type "it" for more
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$or 条件满足任意其中一个即可
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({$or:[{name:"root"},{uid:1}]},{_id:0,name:1,uid:1})
{ "name" : "root", "uid" : 0 }
{ "name" : "bin", "uid" : 1 }
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4)正则匹配,以a开头的name字段
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({name:/^a/},{_id:0,name:1,uid:1})
{ "name" : "adm", "uid" : 3 }
{ "name" : "abrt", "uid" : 173 }
{ "name" : "avahi", "uid" : 70 }
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5)数值比较
$lt(小于) $lte(小于等于) $gt(大于) $gte(大于等于) $ne(不等于)
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({uid:{$gte:10,$lte:40}},{_id:0,name:1,uid:1})
{ "name" : "operator", "uid" : 11 }
{ "name" : "games", "uid" : 12 }
{ "name" : "ftp", "uid" : 14 }
{ "name" : "rpc", "uid" : 32 }
{ "name" : "rpcuser", "uid" : 29 }
{ "name" : "ntp", "uid" : 38 }
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匹配null:可以匹配没有的字段,也可以检查这个字段有没有
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.save({name:null,uid:null})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({name:null})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5baef385f9f3bf625ea1dbd6"), "name" : null, "uid" : null }
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({shell:null}) //表示此条文档没有shell字段
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5baef385f9f3bf625ea1dbd6"), "name" : null, "uid" : null }
rs1:PRIMARY>
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6)save和insert的区别
相同点:当集合不存在时创建集合,并插入记录
不同点:save() _id字段值已经存在时,修改文档字段值
insert() _id字段值已经存在时,放弃修改文档字段值
rs1:PRIMARY> db.t1.save({name:"bob",age:19})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.t1.insert({name:"bob",age:19})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.t1.save({_id:7,name:"bob",age:19})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 1, "nModified" : 0, "_id" : 7 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.t1.find()
...
...
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "bob", "age" : 19 }
rs1:PRIMARY> db.t1.save({_id:7,name:"tom",age:19}) //把上一条的记录直接修改
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.t1.find()
...
...
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "tom", "age" : 19 }
rs1:PRIMARY>
rs1:PRIMARY>
rs1:PRIMARY> db.t1.insert({_id:8,name:"tom",age:19}) //可以存上
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.t1.insert({_id:8,name:"tom",age:19}) //存不上
WriteResult({
"nInserted" : 0,
"writeError" : {
"code" : 11000,
"errmsg" : "E11000 duplicate key error collection: mdb.t1 index: _id_ dup key: { : 8.0 }"
}
})
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7)插入多行文档
rs1:PRIMARY> db.t1.insertMany([{name:"xiaojiu"},{name:"laoshi"}])
{
"acknowledged" : true,
"insertedIds" : [
ObjectId("5baef526f9f3bf625ea1dbd9"),
ObjectId("5baef526f9f3bf625ea1dbda")
]
}
rs1:PRIMARY> db.t1.find()
...
...
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5baef526f9f3bf625ea1dbd9"), "name" : "xiaojiu" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5baef526f9f3bf625ea1dbda"), "name" : "laoshi" }
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8)update修改
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({name:"root"},{password:"XXX"})
//如果这一列不写完整,这一行除了password这一行,这一列的其他值都没有了相当于删除(要写完整)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.t1.find({name:"root"})
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({name:"root"}) //没有东西,除了password:"XXX"
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9)$set 条件匹配时,修改指定字段的值(局部修改)
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({name:"adm"},{$set:{password:"AAA"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({name:"adm"}) //还存在
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5baeec2001805180a1011835"), "name" : "adm", "password" : "AAA", "uid" : 3, "gid" : 4, "comment" : "adm", "homdir" : "/var/adm", "shell" : "/sbin/nologin" }
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({name:/^r/},{$set:{password:"FFF"}})
//默认修改匹配条件的第一行
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({name:/^a/},{$set:{password:"FFF"}},false,true)
//改匹配到的所有
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 3, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 3 })
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10)$unset 删除与条件匹配文档的字段
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({name:"sync"},{$unset:{password:1}})
//删除password字段
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
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11)数组
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.insert({name:"bob",like:["a","b","c","d","e","f",]})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
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$pop 删除数组末尾一个元素,1删除最后一个,-1删除第一个
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({name:"bob"},{$pop:{like:1}})
//删除匹配的第一条的最后一个
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({name:"bob"},{$pop:{like:-1}})
//删除匹配的第一条的第一个
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
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$push 向数组中添加新元素
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({name:"bob"},{$push:{like:"Z"}}) //默认添加到最后
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({name:"bob"},{$push:{like:"W"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({name:"bob"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5baef7b2034891a205de2959"), "name" : "bob", "like" : [ "b", "c", "d", "e", "Z", "W" ] }
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$addToSet 避免重复添加
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({name:"bob"},{$addToSet:{like:"W"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({name:"bob"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5baef7b2034891a205de2959"), "name" : "bob", "like" : [ "b", "c", "d", "e", "Z", "W" ] }
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$pull 删除数组里的指定元素,若有两个bob可以用_id值定义把name:"bob"换成id值
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({name:"bob"},{$pull:{like:"c"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({name:"bob"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5baef7b2034891a205de2959"), "name" : "bob", "like" : [ "b", "d", "e", "Z", "W" ] }
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({"_id":ObjectId("5afc1a717eff45e9cfc57ed3")},{$push:{like:"S"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
rs1:PRIMARY>
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$inc 条件匹配时,字段值自加或自减
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({uid:{$lte:10}},{$inc:{uid:2}})
//设置字段值自加2,默认改第一行
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({uid:{$lte:10}},{$inc:{uid:2}},false,true)
//设置字段值自加2,false,true改全部
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 8, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 8 })
rs1:PRIMARY>
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.update({uid:{$lte:10}},{$inc:{uid:-1}})
//负数时是自减1,默认改第一行
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
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12)删除文档
remove()与drop()的区别
remove()删除文档时不删除索引
drop()删除集合的时候同时删除索引
rs1:PRIMARY> db.t1.remove({})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 6 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.remove({name:"/^a/"}) //删除以a开头的记录
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 0 })
rs1:PRIMARY> db.t1.drop() //删除集合t1
true
rs1:PRIMARY>
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