序列化与反序列化
java原生序列化与反序列化的实现方式
- student类实现serializable接口,ObjectOutputSteam和ObjectInputSteam采用默认的序列化和反序列化(writeObject,readObject)方法实现对Student对象的实列变量进行序列化和反序列化
//main
import java.io.*;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//默认序列化
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("1.out");
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
oos.writeObject(new Student("张三","30"));
oos.flush();
oos.close();
//默认反序列化
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("1.out");
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
Student o = (Student) ois.readObject();
System.out.println("名字是:"+o.getName()+"\t年龄是:"+o.getScore());
ois.close();
}
}
//sTUDENT类
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Student implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2991763699601905391L;
private String name;
private String score;
public Student(String name, String score) {
this.name = name;
this.score = score;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setScore(String score) {
this.score = score;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public String getScore() {
return score;
}
}
2.我们先来了解一下transient关键字
transient 在不需要被序列化的属性前面加关键字transient,默认序列化过程中,该属性就不会被序列化
异常总结:
java.io.InvalidClassException:
因为private static final long serialVersionUID 没有被定义,默认会自动生成,但如果接收者与发送者serialVersionUID不同则会报此异常
- 实现Externalizable接口
与实现serializable的区别有:
1,重写了writeExternal和readExternal方法,因为Externalizable实际上是继承了serializable接口并添加了这两个方法
2,必须有一个默认构造器,如果是继承自某个类,符类必须有默认构造器,并且有参数的构造器要使用super()调用默认或父类的默认构造器,否则会报java.io.InvalidClassException异常,实现Serializable接口并反序列化时,不会调用类的构造函数来构建对象,因为Serializable是从ObjectInputStream里读取所需要的信息,使用反射创建对象,这也是其使用反射机制的原因
3,serializable有两种方式实现序列化与反序列化,可以使用默认方式也可以自己处理该过程,但是在Externalizable中必须提供处理该过程的逻辑,完全控制序列化与反序列化处理
4,Externalizable是外部化接口,因为我们需要实现readExternal和writeExternal方法,来提供完整的序列化与反序列化逻辑,这将无法使用JVM默认逻辑,与默认序列化相比,外部序列化会非常快,这也是为什么Externalizable速度快,Serializable如果不自定义serialVersionUID,每次都需要自动生成,需要浪费空间和时间
package demo.test;//sTUDENT类
import java.io.*;
public class ExternlizableTest{
public static void main(String[]args) throws Exception {
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("2.txt"));
oos.writeObject(new Student3("zhangsan","80"));
oos.flush();
oos.close();
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("2.txt"));
Student3 s3 = (Student3) ois.readObject();
System.out.println(s3.toString());
ois.close();
}
}
class Student3 implements Externalizable {
public Student3() {
}
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2991763699601905391L;
private String name;
private String score;
public Student3(String name, String score) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.score = score;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setScore(String score) {
this.score = score;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student3{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", score='" + score + '\'' +
'}';
}
public String getScore() {
return score;
}
@Override
public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeObject(name);
out.writeObject(score);
}
@Override
public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
name = (String) in.readObject();
score = (String)in.readObject();
}
}